2000—2020年巴中市艾滋病报告病例特征分析  

Epidemiological characteristics of reported HIV infections in Bazhong from 2000 to 2020

作　　者：文薇[1] 杨忠良 李丽平[1] 王志伦[1] WEN Wei;YANG Zhong-liang;LI Li-ping;WANG Zhi-lun(Bazhong Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Bazhong 636000,Sichuan Province,China)

机构地区：[1]巴中市疾病预防控制中心,四川巴中636000

出　　处：《预防医学情报杂志》2022年第9期1191-1198,共8页Journal of Preventive Medicine Information

摘　　要：目的分析巴中市2000—2020年报告艾滋病病毒感染者/艾滋病病人(HIV/AIDS)流行特征,为制定艾滋病防控策略提供科学依据。方法从“中国艾滋病综合防治信息系统”获取截至2020年底新报告、现住址为巴中市的HIV/AIDS病例数据,采用描述性流行病学分析,构成比比较采用χ^(2)检验和Fisher确切概率法,变化趋势采用趋势χ^(2)检验。结果2000—2020年,巴中市共报告HIV/AIDS 1563例,本市报告的病例占65.39%,比例有上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=16.547,P<0.001)。报告病例确诊平均年龄为(42.18±14.92)岁,25~49岁占56.88%,50岁及以上的比例有上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=116.374,P<0.001);男性占69.23%,初中及以下占74.47%,已婚有配偶占56.30%,农民占46.45%。报告病例中首次诊断HIV感染者占67.11%,比例有上升趋势(χ^(2)_(趋势)=28.907,P<0.001);样本来源于医疗机构占62.25%,异性传播占83.75%。报告死亡HIV/AIDS 395例,死亡病例的中位存活时间为0.41年,存活时间<0.5年的占54.18%。结论巴中市艾滋病新报告病例数呈增长趋势,本地发现、老年人和HIV感染者比例上升,呈现以低文化水平、异性传播为主和已婚、农民、医疗机构被动发现比例高等特征,需分人群实施宣传干预策略,提高主动检测发现效率和治疗管理质量,逐步遏制艾滋病疫情。Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of reported HIV/AIDS in Bazhong from 2000 to 2020 aiming to provide scientific basis for AIDS prevention and control. Methods Data of HIV/AIDS with current address in Bazhong reported by the end of 2020 were collected through the “China Integrated AIDS Information System” for descriptive statistics. The proportion was compared using the chi-square tests and Fisher′s exact tests. The trend of changes was analyzed by using Linear-by-line-association chi-square tests. Results A total of 1 563 HIV/AIDS cases had been reported from 2000 to 2020. Notably, 65.39% of cases were first reported in Bazhong, and the proportion was increasing from 2000 to 2020 (χ^(2)=16.547, P<0.001). The average age at diagnosis was 42.18 ± 14.92 years;56.88% of cases aged 25 to 49 years. The proportion of cases aged 50 years or above showed an increasing trend (χ^(2)=116.374,P<0.001). Among the reported cases,69.23% were males,74.47% had a education background of junior high school and below,56.30% were married with a spouse, and 46.45% were farmers, and 62.25% were detected from medical institutions. Notably,67.11% of cases were newly diagnosed with HIV,with an increasing proportion (χ^(2)=28.907,P<0.001). The main route of transmission was heterosexual transmission(83.75%). There were 395 cases of cumulative death, the median of survival time was 0.41 year and the cases with survival time less than 0.5 year accounted for 54.18%. Conclusions The number of reported HIV/AIDS cases is increasing in Bazhong, showing the characteristics of low educational background, married, farmers, and mainly heterosexual transmission and reported in medical institutions. It is necessary to implement propaganda and intervention strategies based on different population, improve the efficiency of HIV detection and the quality of treatment to reduce the epidemic level of HIV/AIDS.

关 键 词：艾滋病 特征 异性传播 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学] R181[医药卫生—临床医学]