喜马拉雅旱獭(Marmota himalayana)栖息地选择  

Habitat selection by Himalayan marmots(Marmota himalayana)

作　　者：张娟 米玛旺堆[1] ZHANG Juan;Migmar-Wangdwei(Tibet University,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏大学,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《西南民族大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第5期486-494,共9页Journal of Southwest Minzu University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：西藏自治区科技厅重大专项(XZ201801-GA-10);西藏大学研究生高水平人才培养计划项目(2020-GSP-S043)。

摘　　要：了解野生动物的生境特征是开展野生动物生境有效管理的前提,喜马拉雅旱獭作为青藏高原鼠疫的主要贮存者,了解该物种的栖息地选择是必要的.为此,2021年9月17日~2021年10月3日在西藏自治区拉萨市墨竹工卡县境内和西藏自治区山南市措美县境内进行了野外调查,我们利用样方法对喜马拉雅旱獭栖息地选择进行了研究,共设定87个样方(42个利用样方,45个对照样方),共测定了海拔、经度、纬度、坡度、草本盖度、灌木盖度、草本均高、灌木均高等17种生境因子,利用R语言4.1.1软件包进行分析,得出以下结果:(1):在对6种描述型生境因子的研究中,结果显示:利用样方与对照样方在生境类型(X^(2)=7.988,df=2,P=0.018<0.05)、隐蔽级(X^(2)=11.389,df=2,P=0.003<0.01)、优势灌木(X^(2)=22.317,df=6,P<0.01)和坡向(X^(2)=9.4286,df=3,P=0.0241<0.05)4个生态因子有差异,在优势草本和干扰类型2个生态因子上没有差异性.(2):在对喜马拉雅旱獭洞穴数和11种数值型生态因子之间进行单因素方差分析,结果显示:海拔(F=9.539,P=0.003)、纬度(F=46.145,P<0.01)、坡度(F=19.145,P<0.01)、草本盖度(F=20.047,P<0.01)、灌木均高(F=23.9,P<0.01)、距水源的距离(F=5.501,P=0.021)、距人为干扰距离(F=4.739,P=0.032)7个生境因子具有显著差异性,说明喜马拉雅旱獭对这7种生境因子具有选择性.(3):通过对喜马拉雅旱獭洞穴数和各个数值型生境因子之间进行逐步回归分析,建立逐步回归方程:海拔+经度+纬度+坡度+草本盖度+灌木盖度,模型中各个参数的P值如下:海拔(P=0.045)、经度(P=0.099)、纬度(P<0.01)、坡度(P=0.091)、草本盖度(P=0.042)、灌木盖度(P=0.020).研究表明喜马拉雅旱獭生境偏好海拔和纬度相对较高、坡度大约为10°~30°、有灌木覆盖、灌木高度大于70 cm(成年旱獭站立时的大概高度)的地带,距人为干扰较近、隐蔽级较高以及阳坡区域.本研究旨在为生物多样�Deep understanding of wildlife habitat traits is a fundamental element for dealing with wildlife managements.Himalayan marmots are a main host for plague bacillus,and it is critical to know about the habitat selection.Therefore,the plot was conducted from 17 th of September to 3 rd of October,2021 at Mo-zhugongka county of Lhasa Prefecture and Cuomei county of Shannan Prefecture.Habitat variables such as elevation,latitude,longitude,slope,grass cover,bush cover,height of grass and bush,line transects were set.Total samples were 87(n=42,used),n=45(control:unused).For analyzing the data,the R statistics software was used.The findings showed that there were significant differences with habitat types(X^(2)=7.988,df=2,P=0.018<0.05),covert grades(X^(2)=11.389,df=2,P=0.003<0.01)and dominant shrubs(X^(2)=22.317,df=6,P<0.01)and slope aspect(X^(2)=9.4286,df=3,P=0.0241<0.05).However,there were no differences in dominant herbs,and disturbance type.Also,the results showed that effects altitude(F=9.539,P=0.003),latitude(F=46.145,P<0.01),slope(F=19.145,P<0.01),herb coverage(F=20.047,P<0.01),higher shrubs(F=23.9,P<0.01),distance from water source(F=5.501,P=0.021)and distance from human disturbance(F=4.739,P=0.032)on habitat selection Himalayan marmots were significant.Furthermore,based on stepwise regression analysis,the model was altitude+longitude+latitude+slope+herb coverage+coverage,and the P values of each parameter were altitude(P=0.045),longitude(P=0.099),latitude(P<0.01),slope(P=0.091),herb coverage(P=0.042),shrub coverage(P=0.020).In this study,the habitat preference of Marmota himalayan was the area with relatively high altitude and latitude,slope of about 10°~30°,shrub cover,shrub height greater than 70 cm(the approximate height of adult marmot when standing),the area with relatively close to human disturbance,high degree of concealment and sunny slope.The aim of this study was to protect biodiversity and provide theoretical basis for plague prevention and control.

关 键 词：喜马拉雅旱獭 生境选择 野生动物保护 鼠疫 

分 类 号：Q958.1[生物学—动物学]