汉语变读别义的衰微及代偿机制  

The decline and compensatory mechanism of Chinese′s distinguishing meaning by sound-change

作　　者：谢维维 XIE Weiwei(Shi Liangcai School of Journalism and Communication,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University,Hangzhou 310018,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学史量才新闻与传播学院,杭州310018

出　　处：《浙江理工大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第5期534-542,共9页Journal of Zhejiang Sci-Tech University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目(19FYYB006);国家社会科学基金青年项目(13CYY071);浙江省教育厅高校国内访问学者“教师专业发展项目”(FX2021002)。

摘　　要：变读别义是汉语形态相对发达的上古时期派生新词的一种特殊方式。随着形态的渐趋衰微,这种别义方式也变得不再能产。变读别义的衰微是语音、词汇、句法、语义互动发展的结果,在单音词复音化趋势的冲击、词义演变、语音演变等因素的共同作用下,一些异读音或消失、或与本读合流。而词语的历时演变与更替、新兴的语法结构的产生,又为其提供了新的代偿机制。也有一些变读别义保留至今,这主要是由于以语音手段别义后,源词和派生词各司其职的局面得以代代相传,或者是源词、派生词的词义虽然各有变化,但始终兀自独立。从某种程度上来说,变读音保全与否,取决于其所附丽之义在语义系统中是否具有独特的语用价值。Distinguishing meaning by sound-change is a special way to derive new words in ancient times when Chinese morphology is relatively developed. With the decline of morphology, distinguishing meaning by sound-change has become no longer productive. The decline of Chinese′s distinguishing meaning by sound-change is the result of interactive development among phonetics, vocabulary, syntax and semantics. Under the combined effect of the disyllablization of monosyllabic words, semantic changes and sound changes, some variant pronunciations either disappear or merge with the original pronunciation. The diachronic change and replacement of words as well as the emergence of new grammatical structures provide a new compensation mechanism for it. There are also some types of distinguishing meaning by sound-changes that have been preserved to this day, partly because the practice of the source words and derivative words having their own functions has been passed down from generation to generation after the phonetic variations, and partly because the meanings of source words and derivative words remain independently although they have undergone different semantic changes. To the extent that the preservation of variant pronunciations depends on whether its attached meaning has unique pragmatic values in the semantic system.

关 键 词：变读别义 衰微 单音词复音化趋势 词义演变 语音演变 语用价值 

分 类 号：H111[语言文字—汉语]