基于大数据的中国城市工作人口的就业空间分异——以武汉市为例  

Differentiation of Urban Employment Space in China:A Case Study of Wuhan Using Big Data

作　　者：刘炜[1,2] 杨杰 龚岳 LIU Wei;YANG Jie;GONG Yue(School of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Wuhan University of Technology,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;School of Urban Design,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,Hubei,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉理工大学土木工程与建筑学院,中国湖北武汉430070 [2]武汉大学城市设计学院,中国湖北武汉430072

出　　处：《经济地理》2022年第9期78-86,共9页Economic Geography

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52078397)。

摘　　要：就业空间分异是劳动力需求和供给平衡的结果,表现为产业和劳动力共同作用的空间形态。对就业空间分异的研究能弥补空间分异研究的不足,促进就业、产业和社会发展。文章以武汉市为案例,基于手机信令与产业大数据,采用区位商和差异指数,探讨不同性别和户籍的工作人口在就业空间中的分异特征与格局;采用地理探测器,探讨产业对就业空间分异的影响。研究表明:①城市就业空间总体分异呈现从中心到边缘逐渐增大的环状空间格局;②二、三产业的集聚与就业空间分异负相关,会促进就业人群间的融合,第一产业会吸引本地人口在远郊区的集聚。在中国城市发展中,可以通过调整产业结构与布局、增加就业机会、健全就业机制以及提高公共交通覆盖度、积极配建公租房等措施,促进不同性别或户籍的人口在就业空间中的融合。The differentiation of employment space is the manifestation of social inequality that,in severe cases,deprives the work rights,opportunities and benefits of women and migrants. Research on the differentiation of employment space not only addresses the shortcomings of spatial differentiation research, but also has important implications for social equality. Taking Wuhan as research area and based on mobile phone signaling and industrial big data,this paper uses the methods of location quotient and dissimilarity index to explore the differentiation characteristics and patterns of working population of different genders and household registrations in the employment space. By the means of the Geodetector,it explores the impact of industry on the employment space differentiation. The research shows that: 1) The differentiation of urban employment space presents an annular spatial pattern that gradually increases from the center to the edge. 2) The differentiation of employment space is greatly affected by the secondary and tertiary industries,and the agglomeration of local and non-local employment populations in the outer suburbs of cities is also affected by the primary industry. In China’s urban development,the integration of different genders or household registrations in the employment space can be promoted by adjusting the industrial structure and layout, increasing employment opportunities, improving the employment mechanism,increasing the coverage of public transportation,and actively building public rental housing.

关 键 词：就业空间 空间分异 大数据 工作人口 武汉 

分 类 号：F241.4[经济管理—劳动经济]