《民法典》第1022条第2款(有期限肖像许可使用合同的法定解除权)评注  

Commentary on Paragraph 2,Article 1022 of Civil Code(Termination Right for Portrait Licensing Contract with Limited Duration)

作　　者：杨芳[1] YANG Fang

机构地区：[1]海南大学法学院,海口570228

出　　处：《南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学）》2022年第4期43-61,161,共20页Journal of Nanjing University(Philosophy,Humanities and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目(20BFX121)。

摘　　要：《中华人民共和国民法典》第1022条第2款的规范目的在于保护肖像权人之人格利益,本款法定解除权在规范目的和制度架构上,和其他解除制度皆不在同一体系脉络中。本款和《中华人民共和国个人信息保护法》第15条之任意撤回权构成规范冲突,肖像许可使用合同应当适用本款。解除权发生条件上,正当理由来自于肖像权人负责领域之情形,主要包括肖像权人内心观念显著变化和周遭环境的显著变化;正当理由非来自于肖像权人负责领域之情形,主要包括信赖关系丧失和相对人之不当行为。解除权行使上,肖像权人发出解除通知,指定合理期间,合理期间届满后,解除通知生效,肖像许可使用合同被解除。违反合理期间内通知义务的法律效果是:肖像权人未在合理期间内发出解除通知者,解除权消灭;解除通知中并未载明期间或指定期间不合理,解除效果延迟至合理期间届满后发生。解除权行使之法律效果上,肖像许可使用合同即刻向将来终止;使用人即刻停止使用并删除肖像;构成“正当理由来自于肖像权人负责领域”型可归责情形的,肖像权人负信赖利益损害赔偿责任;构成“解除行为不当”型可归责情形的,肖像权人对固有利益负损害赔偿责任。The purpose of Paragraph 2,Article 1022 of the Civil Code is to protect the personality interests of the owner of a portrait.In terms of the purpose and structure of the paragraph,the termination right of this paragraph is not in the same vein as the rest of the Civil Code’s termination rights.The termination right of this paragraph and Article 15 of the Personal Information Protection Law,which provides for the right of arbitrary withdrawal,are in conflict with each other,and this paragraph should be applied to portrait licensing contract.The conditions for the right of termination are the justifiable reasons which come from the area of responsibility of the portrait right holder,including significant changes in the portrait right holder’s inner view and significant changes in the surrounding environment.Justification that does not come from the area of responsibility of the owner of the portrait,mainly includes loss of reliance and wrongful conduct of the counterparty.The owner of the portrait right sends a notice of cancellation and specifies a reasonable period of time,and the notice of cancellation becomes effective after the expiration of the reasonable period,and then the portrait licensing contract is terminated.The legal effect of a breach of the duty to give notice within a reasonable period is that,if the owner of the portrait right does not give notice of termination within a reasonable period,the right of termination is extinguished;the termination notice does not specify the period or the specified period is unreasonable,and the effect of termination is delayed until the expiration of a reasonable period.The legal effect of the exercise of the right of termination is that the portrait licensing contract is immediately terminated;the user must immediately stop using the portrait and delete it;the owner of the portrait is liable for damages for reliance interests in the case of "justifiable reasons from the domain of responsibility of the owner of the portrait.In the case of "misconduct in exercis

关 键 词：肖像许可使用合同 正当理由 解除 可归责 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] D922.16[政治法律—法学]