叙利亚库尔德人罗贾瓦自治的理论与实践  

The Theory and Practice of Kurdish Rojava Autonomy in Syria

作　　者：汪波[1] 穆春唤 WANG Bo;MU Chunhuan(Middle East Studies Institute,Shanghai International Studies University;Institute of Public Management,Modern Management Research Center,Shanghai)

机构地区：[1]上海外国语大学中东研究所,上海200083 [2]上海市现代管理研究中心公共管理研究所,上海200052

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2022年第4期57-74,158,159,共20页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2021年度国家社科基金项目“伊斯兰教对当代国际关系的影响研究”(21BZJ054)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：2011年叙利亚内战爆发后,叙利亚库尔德人利用内战和反恐战争的机遇,控制了叙利亚北部和东北部地区的大片土地,建立了罗贾瓦自治实体。罗贾瓦自治的理论源于奥贾兰的“民主邦联主义”。它强调以直接民主、性别平等和永续发展为原则,主张政治上实行直接选举,经济上实施自救计划和建立“民主—生态”社会。根据这一理论,罗贾瓦自治区建立后实行了民主选举,成立了旨在代表各群体利益的权力机构和社会组织,并在积极维持经济秩序的同时探索出合作社发展道路。然而,罗贾瓦自治始终面临着挑战:从外部看,它不仅受到土耳其的军事威胁,而且由于巴沙尔政府的坚决反对,罗贾瓦无法获得合法的自治地位,只能维持事实上的自治;从内部看,由于利益分配不均与政治分歧严重,库尔德人民保卫军与库尔德全国委员会难以达成和解,阻碍了罗贾瓦自治的发展进程并令其前途难卜。After the outbreak of the Syrian civil war in 2011,the Syrian Kurds took advantage of the opportunity of the civil war and the war against terrorism to control a large area of land in northern and northeastern Syria and establish an autonomous entity of Rojava.The theory of Rojava autonomy originated from Ocalan’s "democratic confederalism",which emphasized the principles of decentralization,gender equality and environmental sustainability.Rojava has already launched direct democratic elections established authorities and social organizations to represent the interests of various groups,and is actively pursuing the development of cooperatives while maintaining economic order.However,Rojava has been facing military threats from Turkey.Because of the firm opposition of the Bashar alAssad government,Rojava can not obtain the legitimate status,but can only maintain de facto autonomy.In addition,YPG/PYD and the KNC/ENKS have struggled to reconcile due to differences in interests and political views has further hindered the development of autonomy in Rojava.

关 键 词：叙利亚 库尔德人 罗贾瓦 库尔德人民保卫军 民主邦联主义 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]