试析索马里民主共和国时期的部落治理  

An Analysis of Tribal Governance in the Somali Democratic Republic

作　　者：邢昊 XING Hao(Institute of Middle East Studies,Northwest University)

机构地区：[1]西北大学中东研究所,西安710127

出　　处：《阿拉伯世界研究》2022年第4期121-137,160,共18页Arab World Studies

基　　金：2018年度国家社科基金重点项目“阿拉伯国家政治继承问题研究”(18ASS005)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：索马里呈现“分裂型”的社会结构:部落根深蒂固且拥有维持社会运转的基本功能,国家缺失威权中央政府,无法对部落社会进行有效整合与治理。1969年至1991年,索马里民主共和国以“社会主义”和“威权政治”的模式构建出一条独特的部落社会治理道路,即在社会主义制度下,建立中央集权政府体系,进而强化国家力量进行部落社会整合与治理。在这一政策的催化下,索马里社会进入最为稳定的时期,并形成经济快速发展、国家影响力上升的重要阶段。然而,民主共和国并未能真正解决索马里的部落问题。国家机构长期缺失且严重依赖对外援助,加之政府合法性和社会凝聚力的根基薄弱,成为当今索马里社会依然混乱的重要原因。在部落治理的过程中,只有将部落社会纳入现代政治框架中,将狭隘的部落认同转变为国家认同,或许才是解决中东与非洲阿拉伯国家部落问题的有效途径。Somalia presents a "fractured" social structure:the tribes are deeply rooted and have the basic functions to maintain the society,and the state lacks an authoritative central government to effectively integrate and govern the tribal society.From 1969 to 1991,the Somali Democratic Republic constructed a unique path of tribal social governance based on the model of "socialism" and "authoritarian politics",namely,the establishment of a centralized government system under the socialist system,and the strengthening of state power for tribal social integration and governance.This policy has shaped the most stable period of contemporary Somali society,which is also an important stage of Somalia’s economic development and national influence.However,the democratic republic did not solve Somalia’s tribal problems.The long absence of the state institutions and heavy reliance on foreign aid,combined with the weak roots of government legitimacy and social cohesion,are important reasons why Somali society remains chaotic today.In the process of tribal governance,only integrating tribal society into the modern political framework and transforming narrow tribal identity into national identity may be an effective way to solve the tribal problems in the Middle East and African Arab countries.

关 键 词：索马里 部落治理 社会主义 威权政治 

分 类 号：D815[政治法律—国际关系]