外源茉莉酸甲酯对连作草莓土壤养分和酶活性的影响  

Effects of exogenous methyl jasmonate on soil nutrients and enzyme activities of continuous cropping strawberry

作　　者：张奇瑞 刘小林[3] 徐胜光 范志伟 马焕锦 李宇 洪永忠 阮亚男 张瑞 ZHANG Qi-rui;LIU Xiao-lin;XU Sheng-guang;FAN Zhi-wei;MA Huan-jin;LI Yu;HONG Yong-zhong;RUAN Ya-nan;ZHANG Rui(College of Agronomy and Life Science,Kunming University,Kunming 650214,China;Engineering Research Center for Biochar of High Education in Yunnan Province,Kunming 650214,China;College of Life Science and Resource Environment,Yichun University,Yichun,Jiangxi 336000,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明学院农学与生命科学学院,昆明650214 [2]云南省高校生物炭工程研究中心,昆明650214 [3]宜春学院生命科学与资源环境学院,江西宜春336000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第8期1764-1769,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660603);云南省教育厅研究生项目(2021Y720);地方高校联合专项(202001BA070001-180)。

摘　　要：【目的】探索施用外源(茉莉酸甲酯)MeJA后,与作物连作障碍发生密切相关的连作土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性的变化。【方法】以草莓3年连作土壤和红颜草莓为材料,通过观测草莓根际土壤养分含量、土壤pH、土壤酶活性、单株果数和单果重等指标,研究施用不同浓度(0、10、50、100、200、500μmol/L)外源MeJA后,草莓根际土壤理化性质及土壤酶活性的变化。【结果】无论是在幼苗期还是开花结果期,相对不施加MeJA的对照处理,MeJA处理的草莓根际土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、有效钾含量在总体上呈降低趋势,且多数达显著程度;MeJA处理的pH相对比对照处理均有提高,且在幼苗期达到显著程度,提高幅度为3.90%~5.58%;过氧化物酶、多酚氧化酶、蛋白酶和脲酶的活性在总体上相对比对照处理表现提高,且多数达显著程度;MeJA处理相对比对照处理显著降低了草莓株高且降低幅度为22.33%~27.19%,MeJA处理相对比对照处理提高了草莓单株果数且T3处理的提高幅度高达26.25%,不同浓度MeJA处理对草莓单果重的影响呈先上升后下降的趋势,具体处理为100>50>10>0>200>500μmol/L,50μmol/L处理和100μmol/L处理较对照显著提高了4.02%~31.60%;施加外源茉莉酸甲酯后,草莓根际土壤养分、pH和土壤酶活性的变化呈现随着MeJA浓度增加而在100μmol/L或其邻近浓度发生转折的规律。【结论】施用适量外源茉莉酸甲酯后,连作草莓表现出根际土壤养分被较多吸收,土壤酸化程度缓解和土壤酶活性上升,从而使得草莓的单株果数和单果重增加。但是,上述趋势会随着MeJA浓度的增加而发生转折。以上发现有利于指导生产实践应用外源茉莉酸甲酯改善连作草莓根际土壤的理化性质和土壤酶活性,以促进植株生长和缓解连作障碍。【Objective】The present paper aimed to explore the changes of physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities that are closely related to the occurrence of continuous cropping obstacles after the application of exogenous Methyl jasmonate(MeJA).【Method】The three-year continuous cropping soil and red cheek strawberry were used in this paper to study the changes of physicochemical properties and soil enzyme activities of strawberry rhizosphere soil after applying different concentrations(0, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 μmol/L) of exogenous MeJA.Indicators such as soil nutrient content, soil pH, soil enzyme activity, fruit number per plant, and single fruit weight were investigated.【Result】Compared with CK treatment without MeJA, the contents of organic matter, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and potassium of strawberry rhizosphere soil treated with MeJA decreased in general, which mostly significant, whether in the seedling stage or the flowering and fruiting stage;The pH of MeJA treatment was higher than that of the control treatment, and reached a significant level at the seedling stage, with an increase range of 3.90%-5.58%;The activities of peroxidase, polyphenol oxidase, protease and urease of MeJA treatment were generally improved compared with the control treatment, and most of them reached a significant degree;Compared with CK, MeJA treatment significantly reduced the plant height of strawberry by 22.33%-27.19%, and increased the number of strawberries per plant, of which treatment with 100 μmol/L MeJA increased by 26.25%. The effects of different concentrations of MeJA on the single fruit weight of strawberry showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing, and the specific order was 100>50>10>0>200>500 μmol/L. Compared with CK, treatments with 50 μmol/L and 100 μmol/L significantly increased by 4.02%-31.60%. After the application of exogenous methyl jasmonate, the changes of soil nutrients, pH and soil enzyme activities in strawberry rhizosphere showed a transition

关 键 词：茉莉酸甲酯 草莓 根际土壤 土壤养分 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S668[农业科学—果树学]