带状套作模式中土壤有机质和全氮的空间分布规律——以玉米大豆为例  

Spatial distribution of soil organic matter and total nitrogen in strip relay intercropping patterns: Take maize and soybean as example

作　　者：肖特 崔阔澍[3] 黄文娟 杨文钰 XIAO Te;CUI Kuo-shu;HUANG Wen-juan;YANG Wen-yu(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Cultivation in Southwest China,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Chengdu 611130,China;Sichuan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Sciences,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan General Popularization Centre of Agricultural Technique,Chengdu 610041,China;Sichuan Academy of Botanical Engineering,Chengdu 611730,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/农业农村部西南作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室,成都611130 [2]四川省中医药科学院,成都610041 [3]四川省农业技术推广总站,成都610041 [4]四川省植物工程研究院,成都611730

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2022年第8期1770-1775,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0300209,2016YFD0300602);国家大豆产业技术体系项目(CARS-04-PS19);中央本级重大增减支项目(2060302);中央引导地方科技发展专项(2018SZYD0003);苗子工程(2016RZ0061)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究玉米/大豆不同种植模式对土壤有机质和全氮含量及空间分布的影响,为优化肥料利用,以最低的肥料成本获得更好的作物产量提供参考。【方法】于2018—2020年,以玉米/大豆带状套作连作(MS1)、玉米/大豆带状套作轮作(MS2)、玉米/大豆传统套作(MS3)、单作玉米(M)、单作大豆(S)和休闲地(FL)的土壤为测试对象,分析不同种植模式下土壤有机质和全氮含量差异。【结果】玉米/大豆套作不同种植方式下土壤有机质(29.19 g/kg)和全氮(10.19 g/kg)含量以MS2最高。FL土壤有机质(1.69 g/kg)和全氮(0.64 g/kg)含量最低。大豆行土壤全氮高于玉米行,不同种植模式下有机质含量存在显著差异(P<0.05)。与其他种植模式相比,在MS2种植模式下土壤有机质变化较大,且空间分布最密集。利用土壤有机质含量的变异系数对土壤进行分级,发现MS1、MS2、MS3、M和S变异中等,FL变异较弱,MS2变异最大。土壤全氮分布以MS2种植模式的大豆行最密集,玉米行全氮空间分布密度均低于大豆行全氮空间分布密度,但全氮与有机质的最大值和最小值具有相同的分布格局。土壤全氮的中度变异为MS1、MS2、MS3、M和S,弱变异为FL,最大变异为MS2。同时,对土壤氮与有机质变异度相关分析发现,有机质与土壤全氮之间具有较高的相关性,说明全氮与有机质的变化规律一致性较好,土壤有机质与全氮含量在不同种植模式下呈显著正相关。【结论】不同玉米/大豆种植模式下土壤有机质和全氮分布存在显著差异。MS2是较好的带状套作种植模式,该模式可以增加土壤有机质和全氮空间分布的单位含量,提高土壤肥力和碳氮比。【Objective】The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different planting patterns arrangements of maize and soybean intercropping on spatial distribution of soil total nitrogen and organic matter contents, in order to provide reference for optimal management and fertilizer utilization and better crop yield at lower fertilizer cost.【Method】The soil samples of continuous maize/soybean relay strip intercropping(MS1), maize/soybean relay strip intercropping in rotations(MS2), Traditional maize/soybean intercropping(MS3), sole maize(M), sole soybean(S), and fallow land(FL) were used as tests from 2018 to 2020 to analyze the differences of soil organic matter and total nitrogen contents under different planting patterns.【Result】The highest content of soil organic matter(29.19 g/kg) and total nitrogen(10.19 g/kg) were detected under MS2. The minimum content of organic matter(1.69 g/kg) and total nitrogen(0.64 g/kg) were under FL. Soil total nitrogen in soybean row was higher than that in maize row, and organic matter content was significantly different under different planting patterns(P<0.05). Compared with other planting patterns, soil organic matter changed greatly under MS2 planting patterns, and the spatial distribution was the most dense. The variation coefficient of soil organic matter content was used to classify the soil. It was found that the variation of MS1, MS2, MS3, M and S was moderate, the variation of FL was weak, and the variation of MS2 was the largest. The spatial distribution density of total nitrogen in maize row was lower than that in soybean row, but the maximum and minimum values of total nitrogen and organic matter had the same distribution pattern. The moderate variation of soil total nitrogen was MS1, MS2, MS3, M, and S, the weak variation was FL, and the maximum variation was MS2. At the same time, the correlation analysis of soil nitrogen and organic mass variability showed that there was a high correlation between soil organic matter and soil total nitrogen, indicating

关 键 词：玉米 大豆 套作 土壤有机质 土壤全氮 空间分布 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]