不同配方生物炭基有机肥对百色烟草生长发育和产质量的影响  

Effects of Different Biochar-based Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Yield,Quality of Baise Tobacco

作　　者：张纪利[1] 殷全玉 刘慧生 宋战锋 王新发 刘国顺 黄崇峻[1] 韦建玉[1] ZHANG Ji-li;YIN Quan-yu;LIU Hui-sheng(China Tobacco Guangxi Industrial Company Limited,Nanning,Guangxi 530001;Tobacco College of Henan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry/Henan Engineering Technology Research Center for Biochar,Zhengzhou,Henan 450002;Hezhou Tobacco Company of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,Hezhou,Guangxi 542899)

机构地区：[1]广西中烟工业有限责任公司,广西南宁530001 [2]河南农业大学烟草学院/烟草行业烟草栽培重点实验室/河南省生物炭工程技术研究中心,河南郑州450002 [3]广西壮族自治区烟草公司贺州市公司,广西贺州542899 [4]广西壮族自治区烟草公司百色市公司,广西百色533000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第19期147-150,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西中烟工业有限责任公司科技项目“基于土壤碳氮调节技术提升广西烟叶品质”(GXDYZB19-(NZ)011);中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司项目“基于百色土壤培育提高上部烟叶耐熟性和卷烟配方适用性的技术开发”(201845000024137)。

摘　　要：为了利用广西本地有机肥资源开发烟草专用生物炭基有机肥,在广西百色烟区进行一年两点的大田试验。设计了八角、滤泥和牛粪3种生物炭基有机肥配方,以常规施肥为对照,研究生物炭基有机肥对烤烟生长发育和产质量形成的影响。结果表明,生物炭基有机肥显著改善了烟株的农艺性状,株高和有效叶片数提高最为明显,T处理(八角生物炭基有机肥)效果最优;生物炭基有机肥显著改善了烟株的根系发育,根尖数、分枝数、根体积和总根长均表现出较大幅度提升,T处理对根尖数和分枝数改善效果最为明显,在靖西试验地对这2个性状的提升效果均超过了100%;生物炭基有机肥可以提高烤后烟叶经济性状,其中产量、均价和上等烟比例明显增加;生物炭基有机肥可以优化主要化学成分含量,使其化学成分更协调。综上所述,广西当地特色有机肥资源八角和滤泥均可以与生物炭配制成生物炭基有机肥,用于烟叶生产,其中八角生物炭基有机肥效果最佳。In order to exploit the local organic fertilizer resources in Guangxi to develop the special bio-carbon organic fertilizer for tobacco,a field experiment of two points a year was conducted in Baise tobacco area in Guangxi.Three kinds of bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer formulas including star anise,filter mud and cow dung were designed,and the effects of bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer on the growth and development of flue-cured tobacco and the formation of yield and quality were studied with conventional fertilization as the control.The results showed that bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer significantly improved the agricultural characters of tobacco plants,the plant height and the number of effective leaves increased most obviously,and Ttreatment(star anise bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer)had the best effect;bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer significantly improved the root development of tobacco plants,the number of root tips,the number of branches,the volume of root and the total length of root all showed a relatively significant improvement,Ttreatment had the most obvious improvement effect on the number of root tips and branches,and the improvement effect on these two traits in Jingxi experimental site exceeded 100%;bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer improved the economic characteristics of cured tobacco leaves,among which the yield,the average price and the proportion of superior tobacco leaves were obviously increased;bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer improved main chemical content of tobacco leaves,coordinated its chemical composition.The local characteristic organic fertilizer resources of star anise and filter mud in Guangxi could be combined with biochar to form biochar-based organic fertilizer for tobacco production,of which the effect of star anise bio-carbon-based organic fertilizer was the best.

关 键 词：生物炭基肥 有机肥资源 烟草 根系发育 经济性状 化学成分 

分 类 号：S572[农业科学—烟草工业]