云南省4~6年级城乡小学生体质差异与能量平衡相关行为研究  

A Study on the Physical Differences and Energy Balance Related Behaviors of Urban and Rural Pupils of Grades 4~6 in Yunnan Province

作　　者：曹文硕 张士城 常波[1] 高海宁[1] 衣雪洁[1] CAO Wenshuo;ZHANG Shicheng;CAHNG Bo;GAO Haining;YI Xuejie(Shenyang Sport University,Shenyang 110102,China;Liaoning Normal University,Dalian 116029,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳体育学院,辽宁沈阳110102 [2]辽宁师范大学,辽宁大连116029

出　　处：《南京体育学院学报》2022年第10期48-54,共7页Journal of Nanjing Sports Institute

基　　金：国家教育部人文社会科学研究项目(18YJA890029)。

摘　　要：目的:城乡小学生存在体质差异严重阻碍了整体体质水平向好发展。对云南省4~6年级城乡小学生进行体质测试和问卷调查,探究体质差异与能量平衡相关行为及其影响因素的关系。方法:采用体质测试法、问卷调查法、数理分析法等研究方法,以云南省内940名小学生为研究对象(城市n=465,乡镇n=475)。独立样本t检验显示城乡小学生的体质和能量平衡相关行为的差异;秩和检验显示城乡小学生能量平衡相关行为影响因素的差异,P<0.05表示存在显性统计学差异;使用逐步线性回归探究体质与能量平衡相关行为的关系,以及能量平衡相关行为与影响因素的关系。结果:云南省4~6年级城乡小学生的体质存在显著差异,城市小学生的体质总分、肺活量、1 min跳绳优于乡镇小学生。能量平衡相关行为存在差异,相较于乡镇小学生,城市小学生的每周早餐次数更多,屏幕观看时间更短。视屏行为负向影响城乡小学生的体质,健康理念和家庭规则是影响视屏行为的关键因素且存在显著差异,城市小学生视屏行为的健康理念得分高于乡镇小学生,家庭规则得分低于乡镇小学生。体力活动正向影响城市小学生的体质,态度和自我效能感是影响体力活动的关键因素且态度存在显著差异,城市小学生体力活动的态度得分高于乡镇小学生,自我效能感不存在显著差异。结论:云南省4~6年级城乡小学生对待早餐的态度、喜好、习惯、自我效能感和父母认可、父母榜样的差异导致其早餐行为存在差异;对待屏幕观看的健康理念和家庭规则的差异导致其视屏行为的差异。两者在早餐行为和视屏行为的差异导致了城乡小学生的体质存在差异。Objective:The physical difference between urban and rural primary school students seriously hinders the development of the overall physical fitness level.The physical test and questionnaire survey were conducted among urban and rural primary school students of grade 4~6 in Yunnan Province to explore the relationship between physical difference and energy balance related behaviors and its influencing factors.Methods:940 primary school students in Yunnan Province(n=465 in cities,n=475 in villages and towns)were selected as the subjects by using the methods of physical fitness test,questionnaire survey,mathematical analysis,etc.Independent sample t test showed the differences of constitution and energy balance related behaviors between urban and rural pupils;rank sum test showed that there was a statistical difference between urban and rural primary school students in influencing factors of energy balance related behaviors(P<0.05);used stepwise linear regression to explore the relationship between constitution and energy balance related behaviors,and the relationship between energy balance related behaviors and influencing factors.Conclusion:The differences in attitudes,preferences,automaticity,self-efficacy,parental recognition and parental role models of grade 4~6 urban and rural pupils in Yunnan Province lead to their differences in breakfast behaviors;the differences between the healthy concept of screen viewing and family rules lead to the differences in their video behavior;the differences of breakfast behavior and video screen behavior lead to the differences of physical fitness between urban and rural pupils.

关 键 词：城乡青少年 体质差异 能量平衡相关行为 能量平衡相关行为的影响因素 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]