基于Gabor变换的时频分析方法在高分辨率地震资料薄层识别中的应用  

Application of time-frequency analysis method based on Gabor transform in thin layer identification of high-resolution seismic data

作　　者：桂志先[1,2] 黄宇迪 许辉群[1,2] GUI Zhixian;HUANG Yudi;XU Huiqun(Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources,Ministry of Education(Yangtze University),Wuhan 430100,Hubei;School of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources,Yangtze University,Wuhan 430100,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学),湖北武汉430100 [2]长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院,湖北武汉430100

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期48-52,共5页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“水力压裂时域电磁监测方法研究与综合应用”(42030805)。

摘　　要：对于非均质性强的储层,单靠井资料的插值和延伸来推测井间信息具有较大的不确定性。地震资料具有较高的横向分辨率,但是纵向分辨率相对较低,难以对薄层进行精细描述。针对地质薄层的识别,谱分析是资料分析最基础的工具,由于薄层信号是复杂且不平稳的,提高薄层识别能力的关键在于寻求合适的时频分析方法,只有选取合适的时频分析方法才能确保地质薄层时频分析的质量。对比分析了几种常用的时频分析方法(Gabor变换、Wigner-Ville变换、S变换)的优缺点,认为Gabor变换的聚焦性最好,能够满足高分辨率处理时要求固定时窗进行时频分析的条件。为此,详细介绍了Gabor变换的基本原理,并利用Gabor变换对高分辨率地震资料进行时频分析处理,对比处理前、后的效果发现,地震波波形重叠部分得到有效分离,基于Gabor变换的时频分析方法拓宽了高分辨率地震资料的频谱,增多了地震反射特征的细节,为后续的高精度地震反演奠定了基础。For reservoirs with strong heterogeneity,relying solely on the interpolation and extension of well data to infer cross-well information has great uncertainty.Seismic data have high horizontal resolution,but the vertical resolution is relatively low,making it difficult to describe the thin layers in detail.For the identification of geological thin layers,spectrum analysis is the most basic tool for data analysis.Since the signals related to the thin layers are complex and unstable,the key to improve the ability of thin layer identification is to find a suitable time-frequency analysis method.Only by selecting a suitable time-frequency analysis method can ensure the quality of time-frequency analysis of thin geological layers.The advantages and disadvantages of several commonly used time-frequency analysis methods(Gabor transform,Wigner-Ville transform and S transform)were compared and analyzed in this paper.It is considered that Gabor transform has the best focusing ability,which can meet the requirement of fixed time-frequency window for time-frequency analysis in high resolution processing.Therefore,the basic principle of Gabor transform was introduced in detail,and Gabor transform was used for time-frequency analysis and processing of high-resolution seismic data.By comparing the effects of actual seismic data before and after processing,it can be found that the overlapping parts of seismic wave waveforms are effectively separated.The time-frequency analysis method based on the Gabor transform broadens the frequency spectrum of high-resolution seismic data,and increases the details of seismic reflection characteristics,which lays the foundation for the subsequent high-precision seismic inversion.

关 键 词：GABOR变换 时频分析 薄层识别 高分辨率地震资料 

分 类 号：P631.44[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]