生姜茎叶提取物对高粱蚜生长发育及防御酶活性的影响  

Effect of ginger shoot extract on the growth and development and defense enzyme activity of Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner

作　　者：刘奕清 刘续立 房升又 马佳伟 蔡小东 贾切 乐有章 LIU Yiqing;LIU Xuli;FANG Shengyou;MA Jiawei;CAI Xiaodong;JIA Qie;YUE Youzhang(Spice Crops Research Institute,Yangtze University,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei;Jingzhou Jiazhiyuan Biotechnology Co.Ltd.,Jingzhou 434025,Hubei;Forestry and Fruit Tree Research Institute,Wuhan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Wuhan 430073,Hubei)

机构地区：[1]长江大学香辛作物研究院,湖北荆州434025 [2]荆州佳之源生物科技有限公司,湖北荆州434025 [3]武汉市农业科学院林业果树研究所,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《长江大学学报（自然科学版）》2022年第6期103-110,共8页Journal of Yangtze University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：湖北省重点研发计划项目“香辛蔬菜生物育种”(2022BBA0061);湖北省重点研发计划项目“长江中游山地丘陵区生姜-林果套种共生增效栽培模式与高值化应用”(2021BBA096);湖北省荆州市科技项目“生姜种质资源性状鉴定与新品种选育”(2021CC28-23);重庆市现代山地特色高效农业调味品产业技术体系项目“调味料生姜品种选育及优质高产栽培技术研究推广”(2022-06)。

摘　　要：为明确生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe)茎叶提取物(Ginger shoot extract,GSE)对蚜虫生长发育的抑制作用以及防御酶应答机制,以生姜茎叶和高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner)为对象,研究GSE对高粱蚜生长发育及致死作用和虫体内超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(Peroxidase,POD)和乙酰胆碱酯酶(Acetylcholinesterase,AChE)活性的影响。结果表明,与对照(CK)相比,5、10、15mg/mL的GSE对高粱蚜的产仔数、蜕皮数和体重增长均有抑制效应,且浓度越高对高粱蚜生长发育的抑制效果越强,15mg/mL的GSE在5d时对高粱蚜的产仔数、蜕皮数和体重增长抑制作用最强,分别下降了58.58%、93.81%和32.32%。3种浓度的GSE也能显著增加高粱蚜若蚜的死亡率,且浓度越高杀蚜活性越强,其中15mg/mL的GSE在1d时高粱蚜若蚜死亡率最高,达到72.23%。15mg/mL的GSE能显著增加高粱蚜体内SOD活性,且在1d时活性最强,相比CK增加23.85%。高粱蚜体内POD活性则呈现先激活后抑制的趋势,而高粱蚜体内AChE活性在饲喂5d内均受到显著抑制,且在1d时抑制效果最强,相比CK下降了96.90%。结果显示,GSE可能成为蚜虫防治的新型植物源杀虫剂。In order to clarify the inhibitory effect of Ginger shoot extract(GSE)of Zingiber officinale Roscoe on the growth and development of aphids and the mechanism of defense enzyme response,the stems and leaves of ginger and sorghum aphids(Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner)were used as objects to study the effect of GSE on the growth,development and mortality of sorghum aphids and the activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD),Peroxidase(POD),and Acetylcholinesterase(AChE)in sorghum aphids.The results show that compared with the control(CK),5,10 and 15 mg/mL GSE can inhibit the litter size,molting and weight growth of sorghum aphids,and the higher the concentration,the stronger the inhibitory effect on the growth and development of sorghum aphids.15 mg/mL GSE at 5 d has the strongest inhibitory effect on the litter size,molting and weight growth of sorghum aphids,which decrease by 58.58%,93.81%and 32.32%respectively compared with the control.Three concentrations of GSE can also significantly increase the mortality of nymph aphids,and the higher the concentration,the stronger the aphicidal activity,among which the mortality of 15 mg/mL GSE at 1 d is the strongest,reaching 72.23%.15 mg/mL GSE can significantly increase the SOD activity in sorghum aphids,and the activity is the strongest at 1 d,which is 23.85%higher than that of CK.The POD activity in sorghum aphids shows a trend of activation followed by inhibition,while the AChE activity in sorghum aphids is significantly inhibited within 5 d,and the inhibitory effect is the strongest at 1 d,which decreases by 96.90%compared with CK.The results indicate that GSE may become a new botanical pesticide for aphid control.

关 键 词：植物源农药 生姜(Zingiber officinale Roscoe) 高粱蚜(Melanaphis sacchari Zehntner) 生长发育 酶活性 

分 类 号：Q969.367.2[生物学—昆虫学] S632.5[农业科学—蔬菜学]