HCD遗传缺陷基因对奶牛血液脂代谢指标的影响  

Effects of HCD Defective Gene on Blood Lipid Metabolism in Dairy Cows

作　　者：李坤[1] 赵孝凤 司敬方 代冬梅 王铭正 俞英[1] 李凯扬 唐韶青 赵康 许维 柳咏雪 肖炜 张毅[1] LI Kun;ZHAO Xiao-feng;SI Jing-fang;DAI Dong-mei;WANG Ming-zheng;YU Ying;LI Kai-yang;TANG Shao-qing;ZHAO Kang;XU Wei;LIU Yong-xue;XIAO Wei;ZHANG Yi(College of Animal Science and Technology,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193;Beijing Animal Husbandry Station,Beijing 100107;Tianjin Jialihe Animal Husbandry Group,Tianjin 300404)

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学动物科技学院,北京100193 [2]北京市畜牧总站,北京100107 [3]天津嘉立荷牧业集团有限公司,天津300404

出　　处：《中国奶牛》2022年第10期12-16,共5页China Dairy Cattle

基　　金：政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2019YFE0106800);天津优秀种母牛核心群选种选育关键技术的研究与应用(19ZXZYSN00130);新疆生产建设兵团科技计划项目(2021AA004);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-36);北京市奶牛产业创新团队项目。

摘　　要：HCD是2015年德国最先报道的一种荷斯坦牛隐性遗传缺陷基因,纯合子犊牛表现出血液胆固醇缺乏,生长迟缓、腹泻、消瘦等症状,并在出生后数月内死亡。最新研究还显示,HCD携带者的血液胆固醇也低于正常水平,且部分携带者表现出与纯合子类似的临床症状。为探究中国荷斯坦牛群HCD携带者和野生型个体的脂代谢能力差异,本研究采用配对设计,选取HCD携带者和野生型奶牛各31头,检测5项血液脂代谢相关指标,结果发现HCD携带者组的各项血液指标均较野生型偏低,且血液总胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白胆固醇的差异在一个牛场达到显著水平(P<0.05),另一牛场也显示出相同趋势。这些结果提示HCD遗传缺陷基因并非完全隐性遗传,携带者牛有较高的脂代谢异常风险,故需要采取严格的措施避免HCD基因的引入和扩散,同时对新生HCD携带者犊牛做好营养管理,以减少代谢疾病风险。HCD is a genetic defect gene first reported in Germany in 2015, which leads to blood cholesterol deficiency and increased mortality of calves in Holstein cattle. Defective homozygous calves show symptoms of growth retardation, diarrhea, emaciation, and usually died in the first few months after birth. Recent studies have also shown that HCD carriers also had lower levels of blood cholesterol than the wild type, and some carriers showed clinical symptoms similar to those of homozygous individuals. In order to investigate the difference of lipid metabolism between HCD carriers and wild-type individuals in Chinese Holstein cows, a paired design was used to analyze five blood parameters related to lipid metabolism using 31 carriers of HCD and 31 wild-type cows from two dairy herds. Results showed that the blood parameters were lower in HCD carriers than those of wild type, and the differences of total cholesterol(TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C) were significant(P<0.05)in a herd. The similar trend was also observed in another herd. These results demonstrated that HCD defective gene shows incomplete recessiveness and the HCD carriers have a high risk of abnormal lipid metabolism. Therefore,routine testing should be implemented to eradicate the HCD gene, and nutritional management should be done for newborn calves of HCD carrier cows to reduce the risk of metabolic diseases.

关 键 词：胆固醇缺乏症 脂质代谢 荷斯坦牛 遗传缺陷 APOB基因 

分 类 号：S823.3[农业科学—畜牧学]