航天器着陆缓冲机构技术研究进展  

Review of Aerospace Landing Mechanism Technology

作　　者：聂宏[1] 王宸 陈金宝[2] 陈传志[2] NIE Hong;WANG Chen;CHEN Jinbao;CHEN Chuanzhi(State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control of Mechanical Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;Key Laboratory of Aerospace Entry,Descent and Landing Technology of China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学机械结构力学及控制国家重点实验室,南京210016 [2]南京航空航天大学航天进入减速与着陆技术航天科技集团重点实验室,南京210016

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报》2022年第5期751-770,共20页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

基　　金：江苏省自然科学基金(BK20210297);国家自然科学基金(52075242,11902157)。

摘　　要：航天器着陆缓冲机构是开展地外天体着陆探测的核心装置,其着陆性能直接关系到整个探测任务的成败。本文梳理并总结了现有航天器着陆缓冲机构的相关设计技术,重点介绍了航天器着陆缓冲方法、机构构型和地外小天体着陆/锚定机构,并对其优缺点和适用情况进行了总结分析。其次,针对各类着陆缓冲机构总结了动力学分析技术现状,对比了理论解析模型法、全机刚体仿真分析法、刚柔耦合仿真分析法、全机柔性仿真分析法和半主动控制仿真法等动力学分析方法的优劣。再次,论述了地面等效试验技术的研究进展,阐述了滑轮平衡法、斜坡模拟法和全机1/6尺寸模型法3种地面等效试验方法的主要特点。最后,结合未来深空探测需求,对航天器着陆技术存在的问题、及发展趋势进行了总结与展望。The aerospace landing mechanism is the most important part of aerospace landing explorations,which determines the entire aerospace exploration missions.Based on the technology of aerospace landing mechanism,the design of the landing mechanism is reviewed in this paper.It includes the buffer methods,type of landing mechanism,and landing-anchoring mechanism for small celestial bodies.Their advantages,disadvantages and suitable conditions are proposed.Then the theoretical analytical methods,rigid bodies,coupled rigid-flexible bodies,flexible bodies,and semi-active control dynamic simulations are compared.Furthermore,the advantages and disadvantages of three kinds of micro-gravity test methods are introduced.They include the pulley balance method,slope simulation,and the 1/6 scaled model method.Finally,the current problems,challenges,and development trends are proposed according to future deep-space explorations.

关 键 词：航天器着陆 着陆缓冲机构 着陆动力学 地面试验验证 

分 类 号：V476.3[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]