施氮深度对小麦光合及生长特性的影响  

Effect of Nitrogen Application Depth on Photosy nthesis and Growth Characteristics of Wheat

作　　者：郭宏娟 张绪成[1,2,3] 尹嘉德 侯慧芝 薛云贵[1] 毛伟滔 GUO Hongjuan;ZHANG Xucheng;YIN Jiade;HOU Huizhi;XUE Yungui;MAO Weitao(College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;Institute of Dry-land Agriculture,Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Lanzhou 730070,China;Key Laboratory of High Water Utilization on Dryland of Gansu Province,Lanzhou 730070,China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学农学院,兰州730070 [2]甘肃省农业科学院旱地农业研究所,兰州730070 [3]甘肃省旱作区水资源高效利用重点实验室,兰州730070

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2022年第10期1277-1286,共10页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960398,31560355);甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR10RA464)。

摘　　要：探究氮肥深施对小麦光合生理的影响,为化肥深施技术提供理论依据。采用高度为100cm的生长模拟桶,设置15cm(W_(15))、30cm(W_(30))、和45cm(W_(45))3个施氮深度,测定小麦旗叶的光响应曲线并用非直角双曲线模型模拟、SPAD值、生物量及产量等指标,计算最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))、光补偿点(L_(cp))、光饱和点(L_(sp))、暗呼吸速(R_(d))等光合特征参数。结果表明,随着光合有效辐射(PAR)增加,W_(15)和W_(30)的旗叶P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)均呈上升趋势,而C_(i)则下降;W_(45)的旗叶P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)的增加幅度和C_(i)的下降幅度低于W_(30),表明施氮深度显著影响小麦旗叶的光合特性;P_(nmax)、L_(cp)、L_(sp)和R_(d)随施氮深度的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,初始量子效率(α)呈下降趋势,即氮肥深施利于增强小麦对于强光、高温的适应能力,并提高了利用弱光的能力。在苗期,W_(15)的SPAD值显著高于W_(30)和W_(45)处理;在拔节期-挑旗期,W_(30)的SPAD值最高;抽穗和扬花期W_(15)和W_(30)的SPAD值无显著差异,但显著高于W_(45);灌浆期W_(15)的SPAD值显著高于W_(30)和W_(45)。W_(30)干物质累积量较W_(15)和W_(45)分别增加12.8%和24.3%,且在生殖生长阶段干物质累积速率显著高于W_(15)和W_(45)。基于改善的光合和生长特性,W_(30)的籽粒产量较W_(15)和W_(45)分别增加13.0%、15.4%。因此,适当增加施氮深度有助于优化小麦旗叶光合生理特性,提高小麦光能利用潜力和干物质累积量,促进籽粒产量的增加。The effect of deep nitrogen fertilization on wheat photosynthetic physiology was explored toprovide theoretical basis for developing the technology of deep fertilization.The 100 cm's high of crop growth simulation barrel was used in this experiment,the three depths of nitrogen application,in-cluding 15 cm(W_(15)),30 cm(W_(30))and 45 cm(W_(45)),were designed.The light-net photosynthetic rate(P_(n))response curve of wheat flag leaf,SPAD value,dry matter accumulation and grain yield were in-vestigated.The photosynthetic parameters such as maximum net photosynthetic rate(P _(nmax)),light compensation point(L_(cp)),light saturation point(L_(sp)),dark respiration rate(R_(d)),and initial quantum efficiency(α)were calculated by using non-rectangular hyperbolic photosynthetic model.The results showed that the P_(n),G_(s) and T_(r) of W_(15) and W_(30) increased with the increase of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR),however,C;decreased.The increasing extent of P_(n),G_(s) and T_(r),and the decreasing extent of C_(i) were lower than that in W_(30) with increase of PAR in W_(45).The results indicated that the depth of nitrogen application regulated the photosynthetic characteristics in wheat flag leaf.The P_(nmax) ,L_(cp),L_(sp),and R_(d) increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application depths,however,the(α)decreased.These results suggested that the deep application of nitrogen fer-tilizer could enhance the adaptability of intense light and high temperature in wheat flag leaves,and improve its ability of low light utilization.at seedling stage,the SPAD value of W_(15) was significantly higher than that of W_(30) and W_(45);At jointing and flagging stage,the SPAD value of W_(30) was highest among three treatments;At heading and flowering stage,the SPAD value was not significantly dif-fered between W_(15) and W_(30),but significantly higher than that of W_(45);At filling stage,the SPAD value of Ws was significantly higher than that of W3o and Ws.The dry matter accumulation of W_(30) signifi

关 键 词：施氮深度 小麦 光合特征参数 生长特性 产量 

分 类 号：S318[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]