中国农村互助养老的“契约”实质 --基于交易费用理论的探讨  

The Essence of“Contract”by Mutual Support for the Aged in Rural China:An Exploration Based on Transaction Cost Theory

作　　者：郑沃林 ZHENG Wolin(School of Credit Management,Guangdong University of Finance,Guangzhou 510520,China)

机构地区：[1]广东金融学院信用管理学院,广东广州510520

出　　处：《人口与经济》2022年第5期1-15,共15页Population & Economics

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大项目“实现巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果同乡村振兴有效衔接研究”(21ZDA062);云浮市哲学社会科学研究课题“促进云浮市民营企业参与生态振兴的内生机制研究”(2022云社研[10]号);佛山市2022年度社科规划课题“佛山民营企业的社会责任发展现状及参与乡村振兴的动力机制研究”(2022-GJ056)。

摘　　要：“互助养老”是以老年人养老需求为导向,将多元主体参与及其成果共享有机结合的模式,是解决农村养老问题的重要措施,备受政府关注。然而,目前政策仍没有取得预期效果,农民参加互助养老的比例较低。以往研究从人情交往及施报文化的角度进行解释,却忽略了互助养老隐含的交易性,缺乏从交易费用的角度来考察农民互助养老意愿的内在机制。基于威廉姆森的交易费用理论,将交易费用解构为“资产专用性、交易确定性、交易频率”三大维度,构建“交易费用—市场网络—农民互助养老意愿”分析框架,使用“广东千村调研”数据进行实证检验。结果表明:资产专用性、交易确定性与交易频率分别对农民参加互助养老意愿产生显著的正向影响;随市场网络密度与半径扩大,资产专用性、交易确定性与交易频率对农民参加互助养老意愿的正向影响更加显著。基于研究结论,建议政府根据农民比较优势构建分工体系,改善交易费用,进而培育产业化联合体,建设统一的互助养老市场,实现区域市场间的资源整合,促进互助养老模式的发展。Mutual support for the aged is a model that organically unites multiple subjects,co-construction and the process of co-construction,and sharing results with the elderly as the guidance.It is an important measure to solve the raising problem of rural old-ages,which has attracted the attention of the government.However,policy efforts have not achieved the desired effect,and farmers’willingness to participate in mutual support is low.Previous studies believed that mutual support for the aged originated from the relationship between human favour exchange and return.However,it ignores the essence of the transaction of endowment resources.It does not examine the internal mechanism of farmers’participation in the mutual support for the aged from the perspective of transaction costs.Based on Williamson’s transaction cost theory,this paper deconstructs transaction cost into three dimensions of“asset specificity,transaction certainty and transaction frequency”.At the same time,this paper constructs an analysis framework of transaction cost,market network and farmers’willingness to help each other for the aged and uses the data of Thousand Villages Survey to conduct empirical tests.The results show that:First,asset specificity,transaction certainty and transaction frequency have a significant positive impact on farmers’willingness to participate in mutual support.Second,with the expansion of market network density and radius,the positive impact of asset specificity,transaction certainty and transaction frequency on farmers’willingness to participate in mutual support is more obvious.Among them,with the increase of market network density and radius,transaction costs have a more noticeable impact on farmers’participation in mutual support.

关 键 词：互助养老 交易费用 市场网络 威廉姆森分析范式 

分 类 号：C913.6[经济管理]