法律规范事中合宪性审查的制度建构  

System Construction of the Interim Constitutional Review of Legal Norms

作　　者：朱学磊 Zhu Xuelei

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院法学研究所

出　　处：《中国法学》2022年第5期223-242,共20页China Legal Science

基　　金：2019年度中国社会科学院创新工程重大科研规划项目“国家治理体系和治理能力现代化研究”(项目批准号:2019ZDGH014)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在我国全覆盖的合宪性审查模式中,事中审查是在法律规范的起草和审议阶段落实宪法规定的主要途径。我国以往的事中审查实践呈现碎片化状态,有必要从对象、主体、标准和程序四个方面对其进行制度化建构。基于比较法的考察,并结合我国宪法和相关法律规定,可以发现我国事中审查的对象种类较多,除法律之外还包括多种类型的法规、自治条例、单行条例和部分规范性文件。作为应对,可以对参与起草和审议工作的各类机构和主体进行类型化界分,为充分发挥其审查能力创造必要条件。法律规范草案的合宪性需要从功能性和规范性两个维度进行审查,确保其在实现调整目标的同时不会超出宪法边界。在审查过程中,可以根据不同类型审查主体的比较优势分配审查任务,明确违反宪法的处理方法。为确保事中审查的制度建构有章可循,有必要为其提供更加健全的规范保障。In China's full coverage style of constitutional review system,interim review is a main way to implement the constitution during drafting and deliberation processes of legal norms.Past interim review practices in China were fragmented and therefore it is necessary to build the interim review system from aspects of objects,subjects,standards and processes.On the basis of comparative law and combining China's constitution and related laws,it is clear that there are many kinds of legal norms to be reviewed.Besides laws,different kinds of statutes,autonomous and specific regulations and some normative documents are also review objects.As a response to this situation,it is useful to classify related authorities and institutions as different types of review subjects and provide conditions for fully playing their roles.Constitutionality of proposed legal norms should be improved from both functional and regulative perspectives so that objectives of these norms can be achieved within the constitutional boundary.During the process of interim review,review tasks can be distributed according to comparative advantages of different subjects and handling methods of unconstitutional norms should also be defined in advance.In order to make system building of interim review well-organized,it is better to provide a sturdy normal basis for it.

关 键 词：法律规范 规范制定权 事中审查 合宪性审查 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]