不同施肥模式对平欧杂种榛叶片光合特性、产量及生长的影响  

Effects of different fertilization modes on the photosynthetic characteristics, yield and growth in hybrid hazelnut(Corylus heterophylla × C. avellana)

作　　者：于冬梅[1] 王克瀚 张悦[1] 张雪梅 戴永利[1] 郝家臣 YU Dongmei;WANG Kehan;ZHANG Yue;ZHANG Xuemei;DAI Yongli;HAO Jiachen(Liaoning Institute of Economic Forestry,Dalian 116031,Liaoning,China)

机构地区：[1]辽宁省经济林研究所,辽宁大连116031

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第10期1882-1890,共9页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：大连市科技创新基金项目(2019J12SN66);辽宁省自然科学基金计划项目(2022-MS-065)。

摘　　要：【目的】研究不同施肥模式对平欧杂种榛光合特性、产量及生长的影响,为平欧杂种榛科学施肥提供数据支撑。【方法】2019—2021年,以平欧杂种榛品种达维为试材,在以叶片营养诊断确定年度施肥量的基础上,通过田间试验,比较了传统土壤施肥(对照,CK)、水肥一体化全量施肥(处理1,T1)、水肥一体化半量施肥(处理2,T2)和传统土壤施肥结合滴灌(处理3,T3)对达维树光合特性、产量及生长的影响。【结果】T1、T2、T3施肥模式下,树体光合特性指标、营养指标、产量指标和生长量指标都高于CK。其中,T1、T2施肥模式可以极显著提高达维叶片的净光合速率(P_(n))、气孔导度(G_(s))、蒸腾速率(T_(r))、胞间CO_(2)浓度(C_(i))、平均单株果实产量、单果质量及果实纵横经(p<0.01)。与T3相比,T1、T2施肥模式下,达维叶片的P_(n)、G_(s)、T_(r)、平均单株果实产量显著高于T3(p<0.05),但T1、T2之间无显著差异。施肥结合滴灌模式下榛树的优良结果枝所占比例明显高于CK。【结论】利用主成分分析对试验的施肥模式进行评价,筛选出T2是平欧杂种榛达维最优施肥模式。【Objective】In this paper, the effects of four fertilization modes on the plant growth, yield,nut quality and photosynthetic characteristics of hybrid hazelnut(C. heterophylla × C. avellana) were studied through two years trial(2019—2020) in order to provide a theoretical basis for appropriate fertilization.【Methods】In this experiment, from 2019 to 2020, the fertilization tests with the hybrid hazelnut cultivar Dawei were applied, which was based on the annual fertilization rate determined by leaf nutrition diagnosis. There were four fertilization modes, including the traditional fertilization mode(CK),the fertigation mode with total fertilization amount(T1), the fertigation mode with half fertilization amount(T2) and the traditional fertilization mode combined with drip irrigation(T3). According to leaf nutrition diagnosis, the fertilization amounts in different fertilization modes were as follows:(1) traditional fertilization treatment, according to the local farmers’ routine procedure, the topdressing period was divided into two stages, i. e., current shoot rapid growth stage and kernel filling stage. During curremt shoot rapid growth stage, the fertilization amount was set as available nitrogen 90 g · plant^(-1), available phosphorus 83 g · plant^(-1) and available potassium 44 g · plant^(-1), respectively. During kernel filling stage, the fertilization amount was set as available nitrogen 90 g·plant^(-1), available phosphorus 57 g·plant^(-1) and available potassium 83 g·plant^(-1), respectively.(2) With T1 fertilization treatment, the topdressing period was divided into four stages, i.e., current shoot elongation stage, current shoot rapid growth stage, kernel filling stage and postharvest stage. During current shoot elongation stage, the fertilization amount was set as available nitrogen 45 g·plant^(-1), available phosphorus 28 g·plant^(-1) and available potassium 16 g·plant^(-1), respectively. During current shoot rapid growth period, the fertilization amount was set as available nitro

关 键 词：平欧杂种榛 施肥模式 水肥一体化 光合特性 主成分分析 

分 类 号：S664.4[农业科学—果树学]