苹果花期抗寒能力判定指标解析  

Analysis of evaluation indexes of cold resistance of apple trees at flowering stage

作　　者：李晓龙[1] 褚燕南 张磊 陈仁伟 张晓煜 岳海英[1] 贾永华[1] 王芳 LI Xiaolong;CHU Yannan;ZHANG Lei;CHEN Renwei;ZHANG Xiaoyu;YUE Haiying;JIA Yonghua;WANG Fang(Institute of Horticulture,Ningxia Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China;Yinchuan University of Energy,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Institute of Meteorological Science,Yinchuan 750002,Ningxia,China;Ningxia Research Institute of Quality Standards and Testing Technology of Agricultural Products,Yinchuan 750000,Ningxia,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院园艺研究所,银川750000 [2]银川能源学院,银川750000 [3]宁夏气象科学研究所,银川750002 [4]宁夏农产品质量标准与检测技术研究所,银川750000

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第10期1935-1944,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划项目(2021BBF02014、2022BBF02035);宁夏农林科学院农业高质量发展和生态保护科技创新示范项目(NGSB-2021-1);农业农村部国家苹果产业技术体系(CARS-27);宁夏自然科学基金(2020AAC03321)。

摘　　要：【目的】解析衡量苹果花期抗寒能力的客观判定指标。【方法】以海棠类八棱海棠、达尔文以及苹果类长富2号、岩富10号、丹霞、嘎拉、金冠和OPAL为试材,利用模拟霜箱系统检测并明确各品种花朵子房过冷点、结冰点温度及差异性。设置不同降温梯度与制冷时长双因素试验,明确不同生境下各品种花朵子房受冻率及差异性,解析过冷点、结冰点温度与子房受冻率的相关性,结合不同品种花朵的生长发育指标调查,综合判断造成苹果花期抗寒能力差异的影响因子。【结果】海棠类八棱海棠、达尔文过冷点温度显著低于苹果品种,丹霞、长富2号过冷点温度低于其他品种,且与岩富10号、OPAL之间存在显著差异性。花朵子房过冷点与受冻率(-3℃降温1 h)存在显著线性相关性(R^(2)=0.93),结冰点与受冻率间无显著相关性。八棱海棠与达尔文在开花持续时长、花量等指标方面较苹果品种具有明显优势,金冠、OPAL单位长度花量较富士多,盛花期完全开放花比率较低。多元线性回归模型表明,过冷点(X_(1))、开花持续时间(X_(2))、花量(X_(3))及盛花期完全开放花比率(X_(4))与子房受冻率(Y)存在多元线性相关性(R^(2)=0.89),其中过冷点温度(X_(1))标准化系数达0.87,对子房受冻率影响最大。【结论】过冷点温度是衡量果树花朵子房抗寒能力的重要指标,但还需要结合花量、开花持续时间和盛花期完全开放花比率等花朵生长发育指标来综合判定不同品种花期抗寒能力。【Objective】Field survey are usually used for cold resistance of different fruit trees, but this method has difficulty to exclude the interference of external factors such as different ecological conditions and cultivation mode, and can not really objectively evaluate the cold resistance of a certain variety. By comparing the correlation between supercooling point and freezing point temperature of apple flower ovary and freezing rate under specific conditions, combining with the investigation of flower growth and development indexes of different varieties, a multiple linear regression model was established to determine the objective evaluation indexes of cold resistance of apple trees at flowering stage.The reasons for differences in cold resistance at flowering stage of some apple varieties were discussed.【Methods】The Malus species Malus robusta and Darwin, apple varieties Nagafu 2, Rockfu 10, Danxia,Gala, Gold Delicious, OPAL were used as test materials. The supercooling and freezing temperatures of ovaries were measured using a simulated frost box system. The differences among varieties in the above indexes were analyzed. A two-factors experiment based on cooling gradient and cooling time was used to determine the ovary freezing rate of different varieties. The linear fitting was carried out to analyze the relationship between the flower supercooling point, freezing point temperature and flower ovary freezing rate. The flowering duration, number of flowers per unit length, and the percentage of fully opened flowers at full bloom period were also investigated and analyzed to further clarify the influence of flower growth and development characteristics on freezing rate. The factors influencing the difference of cold resistance of apple trees during flowering stage were comprehensively discussed.【Results】There was no significant difference in the temperature of supercooling point and freezing point of central flowers and side flowers of the same variety. The supercooling point of M. robusta was the lo

关 键 词：苹果 过冷点 结冰点 花朵子房受冻率 花期综合抗寒能力 判定指标 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]