民航气象观测的中国中东部大气边界层廓线数据的评估与应用  

Evaluation and application of atmospheric boundary layer profiles from aircraft meteorological reports in central and eastern China

作　　者：徐孝泽 张元杰 宋树刚 杨云帆 李想 高志球 XU XiaoZe;ZHANG YuanJie;SONG ShuGang;YANG YunFan;LI Xiang;GAO ZhiQiu(Disasters Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,School of Atmospheric Physics,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;Air Force of 93110,Beijing 100843,China;State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,南京信息工程大学大气物理学院,南京210044 [2]93110部队,北京100843 [3]中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室,北京100029

出　　处：《地球物理学报》2022年第11期4174-4193,共20页Chinese Journal of Geophysics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项(2018YFC1506405);国家自然科学基金面上项目(42075070);国家自然科学青年基金(41705004);江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)-青年基金项目(BK20170944)共同资助.

摘　　要：本文从民航气象报告(AMDAR)数据库中提取了2008—2019年期间我国中东部18个机场飞机起飞和降落期间的大气边界层(ABL)廓线数据,并利用常规探空数据评估了不同季节和高度范围的AMDAR数据准确性及其随探空站与机场距离和飞行状态的变化.与常规探空数据相比,低层(P>850 hPa)的AMDAR温度和风分量的均方根误差(RMSE)均比较高层(850~500 hPa)小,且各高度层上的温度和风分量的RMSE都随间隔距离的增加而增大.相对而言,飞行状态对AMDAR数据准确性的影响很小.在间隔距离小于50 km且P>850 hPa高度层范围内,温度、纬向风和经向风的平均RMSE分别为0.68~0.83 K、1.48~1.62 m·s^(-1)和1.73~1.81 m·s^(-1).相比于RMSE,对应的平均偏差都显著更小,且随间隔距离无明显变化.数据应用示例表明,AMDAR廓线数据由于其较高的时间分辨率,不仅可以反映ABL结构的日变化特征,还可用于研究ABL局地环流特征.基于18个机场AMDAR廓线数据分析发现,我国远内陆、干燥地区大气边界层高度(ABLH)具有较强的日变化,尤其是在春夏两季,而沿海和近内陆地区ABLH的日变化强度和季节差异都较小.A data record of atmospheric boundary layer(ABL)profiles is developed from the Aircraft Meteorological Data Report(AMDAR)during aircraft ascents and descents at 18 airports in central and eastern China during the period 2008—2019.Based on nearby radiosonde data,the accuracy of the AMDAR data in different seasons and height ranges is evaluated.The dependence of the data accuracy on the distance between radiosonde sites and airports and flight phases are also analyzed.Compared to radiosonde data,the root mean square errors(RMSEs)of AMDAR temperatures and wind components in the lowest layer(P>850 hPa)are all smaller than those in the higher layer(850~500 hPa).The RMSEs of AMDAR temperatures and wind components generally increase as the separation distance increases.Relatively,the impact of flight phases(ascent or descent)on the accuracy of AMDAR data is small.With the separation distance less than 50 km,the averaged RMSEs of temperatures,zonal winds and meridional winds at levels with pressure larger than 850 hPa are 0.68~0.83 K,1.48~1.62 m·s^(-1)and 1.73~1.81 m·s^(-1),respectively.Compared to the RMSEs,the corresponding mean bias errors of AMDAR data are much smaller and have little dependence on the separation distance.Data application examples show that AMDAR profiles,due to their higher temporal resolution,not only can reflect the diurnal variation of ABL structure,but also can be used to investigate local circulation characteristics in the ABL.The analyses based on AMDAR profiles at 18 airports in China shows that the diurnal variation of the atmospheric boundary layer height is strong in far inland or arid regions,especially in spring and summer,while smaller,with less seasonal variation,in coastal and near inland regions.

关 键 词：AMDAR 大气边界层 探空数据 日变化 大气边界层高度 

分 类 号：P404[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]