从《论自然能力》重思盖伦的“自然”概念  

Rethinking Galen’s Concept of ‘Nature’ in the Light of On the Natural Faculties

作　　者：戴碧云 DAI Bi-yun(Department of the History of Science,Tsinghua University,Beijing 100084,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学科学史系,北京100084

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2022年第9期97-102,共6页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：中国留学基金委联合培养项目资助,CSC NO.202106210168;莱布尼茨技术思想文献编译研究19YJC720045。

摘　　要：盖伦的医学思想是古希腊医学思想中的一个巅峰,而认识盖伦的医学思想需要理解他的自然概念。研究者们对他的自然观一直持有争论。究竟盖伦的自然概念是内在的生命原则,还是超越的德穆革?如果两者兼具,是否矛盾?通过盖伦对原子论医学家阿斯克莱皮亚德斯等人的批评,发现盖伦的自然概念包含内在能力,有内在自然目的。同时,盖伦提及自然的预见和技艺,又指向德穆革。因为身体各部分的能力有内在自然目的,这保证了身体各部分的用途,所以德穆革的设计受制于自然的内在能力。The medical thought of Galen is one of the pinnacles of ancient Greek medical thought,and an understanding of Galen’s medical thought requires a recognition of his concept of nature,which has been debated by researchers since the 19 th century.Was Galen’s concept of nature an internal principle of life or a transcendent Demiurge? If it is both,is it contradictory? Through Galen’s criticism of the atomistic medical practitioner Asclepiades and others,it is found that Galen’s concept of nature contains intrinsic powers with an internal purpose.At the same time,Galen’s reference to natural foresights and arts back to Demiurge.Because the faculties of the body parts have an intrinsic purpose,which guarantees the use of the parts,the design of Demiurge is subject to the intrinsic faculties of nature.

关 键 词：盖伦 自然 能力 德穆革 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]