“常识”中的“新知”——以“术”的定义、“天元术”的由来为例  

“New Knowledge” in “Common Sense”:Taking the Definition of “Procedure” and the Origin of “Celestial Element Method” as An Example

作　　者：贾洪岩 纪志刚[1] JIA Hong-yan;JI Zhi-gang(School of History and Culture of Science,Shanghai Jiao Tong University,Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学科学史与科学文化研究院,上海200240

出　　处：《自然辩证法研究》2022年第9期109-115,共7页Studies in Dialectics of Nature

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“汉译《几何原本》的版本整理与翻译研究”(21BZS021);国家社科基金青年项目“晚清西学传入与上海地区藏刻书活动的互动关系研究”(20CZS083)。

摘　　要：通过对已经得到普遍认同的“常识”概念(“术”、“天元术”)作进一步的反思与辨析,为它们提供了新的解释。首先,从思维、文本两个层面,重新辨析了“术”的概念,即思维层面解决一类问题的算法、公式或定理,它不同于文本层面的“某某术曰”、“术曰”、“法曰”、“草曰”。其次,指出《测圆海镜》“草曰”中关于“立天元一”的数学知识起初是辅助“如积之术”的细草,而今日“天元术”概念的形成则是经历了“草”、“法”、“术”的转变过程,期间李冶、梅瑴成、西方代数学的传入都对其产生了影响。Through further analysis of “common sense”,“Procedure”(术) and “Celestial Element Method”(天元术),this paper provides a new explanation for them.First of all,it points out the characteristics of “Procedure” from two perspective of thinking and text,and its different from “Procedure says”(术曰),“Method”(法) and “Procedure of calculation”(草) in the text.Secondly,it points out that the emergence of the concept of “Celestial Element Method” has gone through the transformation process of “Procedure of calculation”,“Method” and “Procedure”,during the period,Li Ye,Mei Juecheng and the introduction of western algebra all had an impact on it.

关 键 词：术 法 天元细草 天元术 西方代数学 

分 类 号：N031[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]