浅埋深工作面覆岩应变特征及切顶灾害预警方法研究  

Overburden strain characteristics of shallow working face and warning method of roof cutting disaster

作　　者：李正杰 徐刚[1,2] 任艳芳 张震[1,2] LI Zheng-jie;XU Gang;REN Yan-fang;ZHANG Zhen(CCTEG Coal Mining Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100013,China;Mining Research Institute,China Coal Research Institute,Beijing 100013,China)

机构地区：[1]中煤科工开采研究院有限公司,北京100013 [2]煤炭科学研究总院开采研究分院,北京100013

出　　处：《煤炭工程》2022年第9期81-86,共6页Coal Engineering

基　　金：天地科技股份有限公司科技创新创业资金专项项目(2020-TD-ZD016)。

摘　　要：为解决浅埋深工作面由突发切顶造成的大面积压架灾害监测预警滞后的问题,采用浅埋工作面现场实测矿压数据分析和相似材料模拟试验方法,从支架工作阻力增阻特性、覆岩应变演化规律、覆岩应变与顶板破断来压的关系方面进行浅埋深工作面覆岩应变特征研究。研究结果表明:浅埋深工作面支架工作阻力在非来压时微增阻,来压时急增阻,增阻速率提升了27~85倍,反映了覆岩应变的突变性;顶板来压前覆岩微应变,来压时覆岩应变突增,切顶时出现尖峰;覆岩应变具有灵敏性和超前性,可以此对顶板异常来压进行监测预警,并提出了以应变为指标的基于分布式光纤技术的切顶压架灾害现场监测预警方法。研究对浅埋煤层开采顶板灾害防控具有实用价值。Aiming at the hysteretic monitoring and early warning of large-area supports crushing disaster caused by sudden roof cutting in shallow working face,the mine pressure data analysis and similar simulation test are conducted,to study the overburden strain characteristics from the working resistance increase of support,overburden strain evolution,and relationship between overburden strain and roof breakage weighting.The results show that,the support working resistance in the working face slightly increases during non-weighting period,while the resistance rate sharply increases by 27~85 times during weighting,which reflects the mutability of the overburden strain;before the roof weighting,the overburden strain is slight,which suddenly rises during weighting and peaks at the moment of roof cutting;as the overburden strain is sensitive and advanced,it can be used to monitor and warn of the abnormal roof weighting.Further more,a site monitoring and early warning method is proposed using distributed fiber optic technology based on strain(displacement)index.

关 键 词：覆岩应变 浅埋深工作面 增阻速率 切顶 预警方法 

分 类 号：TD353[矿业工程—矿井建设]