两种微藻对规模化养猪场沼液的净化效果  

Study on Purification Efficiency of Two Kinds Microalgae for Biogas Slurry from Large-scale Pig Farms

作　　者：吴晓梅[1,2] 叶美锋 吴飞龙[1] 徐庆贤[1] 林代炎[1] WU Xiaomei;YE Meifeng;WU Feilong;XU Qingxian;LIN Daiyan(Aricultural-Engineering Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Fuzhou 350003,China;College of Material Engineering,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350003,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院农业工程技术研究所,福州350003 [2]福建农林大学材料与工程学院,福州350003

出　　处：《中国沼气》2022年第5期30-37,共8页China Biogas

基　　金：福建省科技厅省属公益类科研项目(2021R1032003,2021R1032004);福建省自然科学基金资助项目(2021J01497)。

摘　　要：选取蛋白核小球藻和钝顶螺旋两种微藻为研究对象,研究其在不同浓度沼液中的生长特性、对沼液中污染物净化效果以及优势藻种品质安全情况,以获得可有效净化养猪场沼液污染物并能积累生物量的微藻。结果表明:蛋白核小球藻比钝顶螺旋藻更耐污,两种微藻在低浓度沼液(10%和20%)中生长较好,培养10天后蛋白核小球藻OD_(680)最高D0处理为2.12,螺旋藻OD_(560)最高L0处理1.73。利用20%浓度沼液培养蛋白核小球藻和钝顶螺旋藻,经10 d培养结束后,蛋白核小球藻最大生物质产量能达到1.31 g·L^(-1),而钝顶螺旋藻的最大生物质产量为1.09 g·L^(-1)。蛋白核小球藻对沼液总氮、氨氮、硝态氮、亚硝态氮、总磷和COD的去除率分别可达76.82%、75.04%、86.05%、57.87%、93.50%和77.92%,高于钝顶螺旋藻。经沼液培养的蛋白核小球藻,其粗蛋白质含量较高,可达干重的61.87%,且Hg、Cd、Pb、As和Cr含量符合《饲料卫生标准》(GB13078—2017)。因此,蛋白核小球藻对规模化养猪场沼液具有较好的净化效果,所获藻粉还可作为鱼饲料植物蛋白源,具有推广应用价值。Microalgae capable of effectively removing pollutants from biogas slurry and accumulating biomass were screened for potential applications on antipollution or effluence treatment at Large-scale pig farms under lab condition.Two kinds of microalgae,Chlorella pyrenoidosa and Spirulina platensis,were selected as the research objects to discuss their growth characteristics in different concentrations of biogas slurry,the purification effect of pollutants in biogas slurry and the quality and safety of dominant algae.Results showed that both strains appeared to grow well in low concentration biogas slurry(10%and 20%),while Chlorella pyrenoidosa was more resistant to pollution than Spirulina platensis.After 10 d of culture,the highest OD_(680) of Chlorella pyrenoidosa was 2.12 in D0 treatment,and the highest OD_(560) of Spirulina platensis was 1.73 in L0 treatment.During 10 d of cultivation in 20%biogas slurry,1.31 g·L^(-1) and 1.09 g·L^(-1) of the maximum biomass yield were obtained from Chlorella sp and Spirulina platensis respectively.The removal rates of total nitrogen,ammonia nitrogen,nitrate nitrogen,nitrite nitrogen,total phosphorus and COD in biogas slurry by Chlorella pyrenoidosa can reach 76.82%,75.04%,86.05%,57.87%,93.50%and 77.92%,respectively.In general,the purification ability of Chlorella pyrenoidosa to biogas slurry was greater than that of Spirulina platensis.The crude protein of Chlorella pyrenoidosa cultured by biogas slurry was up to 61.87%of dry weight,and the heavy metalscontents about Hg,Cd,Pb,As and Cr meet the hygienic standard for feed(GB13078—2017).Therefore,Chlorella pyrenoidosa is an excellent strain for purifying biogas slurry from large-scale pig farms.The obtained algae powder can also be used as a plant protein source for fish feed,which has has the value of popularization and application.

关 键 词：猪场沼液 蛋白核小球藻 钝顶螺旋藻 净化效果 

分 类 号：S216.4[农业科学—农业机械化工程] X713[农业科学—农业工程]