煤矸石堆积区土壤重金属潜在危害评价及污染特征  

Pollution characteristics and potential risk accessment of heavy metals in soil of coal gangue accumulation areas

作　　者：顾霖骏 申艳军 王念秦[1] 宋世杰[1,2,3] 聂文杰[1,2,3] GU Linjun;SHEN Yanjun;WANG Nianqin;SONG Shijie;NIE Wenjie(College of Geology and Environment,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Geological Research Institute for Coal Green Mining,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China;Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Support for Coal Green Exploitation,Xi’an University of Science and Technology,Xi’an 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,陕西西安710054 [2]西安科技大学煤炭绿色开采地质研究院,陕西西安710054 [3]西安科技大学陕西省煤炭绿色开发地质保障重点实验室,陕西西安710054

出　　处：《西安科技大学学报》2022年第5期942-949,共8页Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41772333);住房和城乡建设部2020年度研究开发项目(2020-K-067);榆林市科技计划重大项目(6130819001);榆林市2020年科技计划(产学研类)项目(CXY-2020-034)。

摘　　要：煤矸石长期堆积是中国部分煤矿区特别是北方矿区表层土壤遭受重金属污染的重要成因。为掌握中国煤矸石长期堆积区表层土壤中重金属元素的潜在环境危害性及污染性特征,采用数理统计分析方法,研究中国煤炭主产区煤矸石重金属含量的地域分布特征;通过重金属潜在危害评价方法,评价煤矸石源重金属元素在表层土壤中的迁移性及毒性,明确煤矸石中对环境潜在危害性突出的重金属元素;结合煤矸石堆积地域分布特征,利用重金属生物有效性原理,分析了这些污染元素在矿区表层土壤中的空间分布及形态分布特征。结果表明:中国煤矸石中Cr,Pb,Zn含量明显高于其余常见重金属元素,且西部煤矸石重金属含量较东部、中部更高;煤矸石中Cd,Zn,Pb对土壤潜在污染程度在中等以上,各重金属元素对环境的潜在危害程度E排序为:Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>As>Cr;煤矸石堆积区表层土壤中,Cd的迁移性及其形态分布受外源干扰程度总体高于Pb;东、西部的Cd与东部的Pb对机体处于高暴露风险水平。研究成果可为中国煤矸石堆积区土壤重金属污染针对性防治及修复工作提供较好借鉴。The long-term accumulation of coal gangue is an important cause of heavy metal pollution in the surface soil of some mining areas in China, especially in the northern mining areas.To grasp the potential environmental hazards and pollution characteristics of heavy metal elements in the surface soil of the long-term coal gangue accumulation areas in China, mathematical statistics, heavy metal pollution evaluation and heavy metal speciation analysis methods were comprehensively used.The contents of heavy metals in coal gangue in the main coal producing areas of China were analyzed.According to the geographical distribution characteristics of coal gangue, the mobility and toxicity of common heavy metal elements in coal gangue in the surface soil were evaluated, and the heavy metal elements with outstanding potential harm to the environment in coal gangue were identified.Spatial distribution and morphological distribution characteristics of polluting elements in the surface soil of the mining area were examined.The results show that the content of Cr, Pb and Zn in Chinese coal gangue is significantly higher than that in other common heavy metal elements, and the content of heavy metals in coal gangue in the western China is generally higher than that in the eastern and central China.In coal gangues in China, the potential pollution degree of Cd, Zn, and Pb to soil is above the medium level, and the potential hazardous degree(E)of various heavy metal elements to the environment are ranked as follows: Cd>Pb>Cu>Zn>As>Cr.In the surface soil of coal gangue accumulation areas in China, the mobility of Cd and the degree of external interference to its speciation are generally higher than those of Pb.In addition, Cd in the eastern and western China and Pb in the eastern China have a higher exposure risk to the organism.The research results can provide a good reference for the targeted prevention and remediation of soil heavy metal pollution in coal gangue accumulation areas in China.

关 键 词：煤矸石 潜在危害评价 数理统计分析 重金属污染特征 重金属形态 

分 类 号：TD167[矿业工程—矿山地质测量]