典型半封闭海湾生态敏感性评估方法研究——以惠州市大亚湾海域为例  

Study on the Evaluation Method of Ecological Sensitivity of Typical Semi Closed Bay:A Case Study of Daya Bay

作　　者：何彦龙[1,2] 袁一鸣 王腾[1,2] 张昊飞 梁浩亮 HE Yanlong;YUAN Yiming;WANG Teng;ZHANG Haofei;LIANG Haoliang(East China Sea Environmental Monitoring Center,State Oceanic Administration,Shanghai 201206,China;Key Laboratory of Ecological Monitoring and Restoration Technology,Ministry of Natural Resources of China,Shanghai 201206,China;Huizhou Ocean Technology Center,Huizhou 516001,Guangdong,China)

机构地区：[1]国家海洋局东海环境监测中心,上海201206 [2]自然资源部生态监测与修复技术重点实验室,上海201206 [3]惠州市海洋技术中心,广东惠州516003

出　　处：《亚热带资源与环境学报》2022年第3期49-56,共8页Journal of Subtropical Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家重点研发计划重点专项“海上危化品泄漏事故预测预警及损害评估研究(2016YFC1402405)”;惠州市海上危化品应急监测处置技术集成与应用(G2017-01)联合资助。

摘　　要：生态敏感性研究是认知生态系统面对人类活动干扰以及全球气候变化响应的重要手段。本研究以生态敏感性内涵为基础,针对中国典型半封闭海湾,从海洋环境污染敏感性、生境退化敏感性及资源衰退敏感性3个方面构建了评估指标模型,探讨典型半封闭海湾的生态敏感性评估方法,并以惠州市大亚湾海域为例开展生态敏感性评估,结果表明:大亚湾综合生态高敏感区、中度敏感区、轻度敏感区及非敏感区面积占本研究海域的比例分别为41%、23%、31%、5%。大亚湾生态高敏感区主要分布于大亚湾中部列岛与东部惠东县岸线围成的海域,这些海域水环境质量良好,浮游生物多样性高,生物资源补充潜力良好,是维护大亚湾海域生态平衡的重点保护区域。生态轻度和不敏感区主要分布于惠州大亚湾经济开发区沿岸及范和港海域,这些海域由于陆源污染物入海导致水体富营养化较为严重,生态服务功能降低,生态敏感性进一步下降。自20世纪80年代以来,大亚湾海域水体持续富营养化,生态系统出现显著磷限制。浮游生物、底栖生物多样性呈下降趋势,优势种年际间变化较大,生态系统结构稳定性降低,生物资源补充潜力减弱,亟需开展生态系统保护与修复。Ecological sensitivity of habitat is essential,as preliminary dimensions which have considered in planning and conservation policy.This study constructs 11 indexes from three aspects of marine environmental pollution sensitivity,habitat degradation sensitivity and resource decline sensitivity,and evaluates the ecological sensitivity of Daya Bay in Huizhou City,a typical semi closed bay.The results show that the proportion of highly sensitive area,medium sensitive area,light sensitive area and non-sensitive area is 41%,23%,31%and 5%,respectively.The ecological highly sensitive area of Daya Bay is mainly distributed in the sea area enclosed by the islands in the middle of Daya Bay and the east coastline of Huidong County.The water environment quality of these sea areas is better compared to the others.The diversity of plankton is high,and the potential of biological resources supplement is high,which is the major protection zone to maintain the ecological balance of Daya Bay.Mild and non-sensitive ecological areas are mainly distributed in coastline of Fanhegang port and Economic Development Zone of Daya Bay in the western waters of Huizhou.The eutrophication of water bodies in these sea areas is more severe due to land-based pollutants entering the sea,the ecological service function is further reduced,as well as the ecological quality.In the past 30 years,the Daya Bay has experienced a process of continuous eutrophication,with significant phosphorus limitation in the ecosystem.The diversity of plankton and benthos decreased continuously,the dominant species changed significantly,and the structural stability of ecosystem decreased,which led to the decrease of the supplement ability of biological resources and ecological service function.It is urgent to conduct ecosystem protection and restoration.

关 键 词：生态敏感性 半封闭海湾 评估方法 大亚湾 

分 类 号：P76[天文地球—海洋科学]