否决权、回避义务与利益平衡——安理会执行国际法院判决的分析  

Veto Power, Obligation to Avoid Voting, and Balance of Interests: Analysis of the Enforcement of the ICJ Judgments by the Security Council

作　　者：何志鹏[1] 赵健舟 He Zhipeng;Zhao Jianzhou

机构地区：[1]吉林大学法学院

出　　处：《国际法研究》2022年第5期29-41,共13页Chinese Review of International Law

摘　　要：《联合国宪章》第94条第2款确立了联合国安理会经决议执行国际法院判决的制度。“尼加拉瓜诉美国案”暴露了该制度在实践中规范不明、有法不依等诸多问题,折射出原始文本规范与现实法律适用之间的张力。该制度的核心争议,即安理会常任理事国的否决权运用规则与表决回避义务适用规则,应当回归《联合国宪章》及联合国相关文件,结合和平解决争端原则加以分析,形成尊重判决精神、克制否决滥用、谨慎施加表决回避义务的规范性解释。通过采取一种利益平衡的解释方法,判决执行制度将能够尽可能兼顾参与各方的合理关切,避免大国政治对国际司法的不当干预,防止国际司法的政治化滥用,从而追求一种基于国际社会最大共识的正义理念。Article 94(2) of the UN Charter established a system by which the UN Security Council enforces the judgments of the International Court of Justice by resolution. The Nicaragua case exposed many problems in the practice of this system, such as unclear norms and non-compliance with the law, and reflected the tension between the original textual norms as lex ferenda and the practical application of the law as lex lata. The key issues in this system are the rules for the permanent members to use their veto power and the rules for determining the obligation to avoid voting. On this issue, it’s necessary to return to the Charter and relevant UN documents and resolutions, analyze it in the light of the basic purpose of peaceful settlement of disputes, and form a normative interpretation that respects the spirit of the judgment, refrain from abusing the veto power, and cautiously apply the obligation of abstention. By adopting an interpretation method of balanced interests, the judgment enforcement system will be able to take into account the reasonable concerns of all parties involved as much as possible, avoid the improper interference of great power politics on international adjudication, and prevent the international justice from being used for political purposes, so as to pursue a justice concept based on the greatest consensus of the international community.

关 键 词：国际法院 判决执行 联合国宪章 安理会 国际司法 

分 类 号：D994[政治法律—国际法学]