风险规制中的央地政府关系之规范建构  

Normative Construction of the Relationship Between the Central and Local Governments in Risk Regulation

作　　者：靳文辉[1] JIN Wenhui

机构地区：[1]重庆大学法学院

出　　处：《法学研究》2022年第5期69-83,共15页Chinese Journal of Law

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“经济规制法的精准化实施研究”(21BFX203)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：央地政府关系事关政府基础性权力的配置与运行,对风险规制中的央地政府关系予以规范建构,是增进风险规制有效性的重要途径。一体化和弹性化是塑造风险规制中的央地政府组织关系形态的基本要求。一体化可补强风险规制的系统性和权威性,弹性化则能克服传统科层制的封闭性和层级性弊端。在事权配置方面,风险规制权的央地配置在制度上宜采取定限模糊化的规范形式,以更好契合风险的不确定性,提升风险规制行为的动态适应性。实践中,风险规制权的央地配置,应依据能力标准和效能标准来确定具体方案。风险规制中的央地政府关系主要有“命令服从”“央地合作”“地方主导—中央协助”“地方实施—中央监督”几种类型。规制过程中需结合具体的规制目标对央地政府关系类型进行择取和组合,以使央地政府关系类型与风险规制任务相互契合和协调。The relationship between the central government and local governments is important to the allocation and exercise of fundamental powers of the governments.Constructing the relationship between the central government and local governments is the key to improving the effectiveness of risk regulation.Integration and flexibility are the basic requirements in shaping the forms of organizational relationship between the central government and local governments in risk regulation.Integration can strengthen the systematization and the authority of risk regulation,and flexibility can eliminate the disadvantages of traditional bureaucracy as closure and hierarchy.In terms of risk regulation powers,the allocation between the central government and local governments should be flexible,so as to better match the uncertainty of risks and improve the dynamic adaptability of risk regulation behaviors.In risk regulation practices,the allocation of risk regulation powers between the central government and local governments should be determined on the basis of competency standard and performance standard.There are four types of relationship between the central government and local governments in risk regulation,that is,“order and obedience”,“cooperation between the central and local governments”,“domination by local governments and assistance by the central government”,and “implementation by local governments and supervision by the central government”.In the construction of a risk regulation system,selection and combination should be made among the aforementioned relationship types in light of concrete regulatory objectives,so as to ensure that the type of the relationship matches and coordinates with the tasks of risk regulation.

关 键 词：风险规制 行政组织 央地关系 突发事件 

分 类 号：D630[政治法律—政治学] D922.11[政治法律—中外政治制度]