鲁迅与中国近代个体的“产生”--基于《狂人日记》的再考察  

Lu Xun and the"birth"of Chinese modern individuals--Reexamination based on Madman's Diary

作　　者：李玉明[1] 魏健飞 Li Yuming;Wei Jianfei

机构地区：[1]青岛大学文学院,山东青岛266071

出　　处：《东岳论丛》2022年第10期35-48,191,共15页DongYue Tribune

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“鲁迅与中国近代个体的‘产生’”(项目编号:15BZW131)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：五四新文化最响亮的口号是“个性解放”,也因此,在叙事上“五四”被一般地定性为“人的发现”。这几乎是不证自明的。然而,“人的发现”其具体内涵是什么?这个“人”又是如何“产生”的?这些重大的具有整体性特征的问题尚待辨明。通过考察《狂人日记》等文本,我们发现,这部被誉为中国新文化和新文学的“奠基”之作,其主题并非“礼教吃人”这种简约化概括所能包纳,而且所谓“吃人”,其真正的内涵是“非人”或“非人的状态”。小说主人公狂人正是在一种“罪感”的驱迫之下,在正视自身的(人的)“非人的状态”中获得了人的自觉,并由此产生了真正的“人的观念”。这就是《狂人日记》的内核及其独特价值。这是五四时期真正的“人”的呐喊。所以,所谓“奠基”者是指,五四新文化就建基于这一“个体”“人”之上,它是作为中国新文化的基础性和根底性意识而被鲁迅天才地把握到的,并第一次掘发出来的。The most resounding slogan of the May 4th New Culture is“personality liberation”.Therefore,the May 4th New Culture is generally characterized as“human discovery”in narrative.This is almost self-evident.However,what is the specific meaning of “the person’s discovery”? How does the “person”“generate”? These major issues with integral characteristics have yet to be identified.By examining the texts such as The Madman’s Diary,we find that the theme of this novel,which is known as the foundation of Chinese new culture and new literature,can not be covered by this minimalist generalization--“feudal ethics cannibalism”.And the real connotation of so-called “cannibalism”is“non-human”or“non-human state”.The protagonist of the novel,the mad man,is driven by “a sense of sin”,in the face of his own( human) “non-human state”to obtain human’s consciousness,and thus generates a real “person’s concept”. This is the core of The Madman’s Diary and its unique value.This is the cry of the real “person”during the May 4th period. Therefore,the so-called “foundation”means that the May 4th New Culture is based on the “individual”/“person”.As the foundation and fundamental consciousness of Chinese new culture,it was grasped by Lu Xun with genius and first unearthed.

关 键 词：鲁迅 《狂人日记》 “非人” “罪的自觉” “现实” 

分 类 号：I210.96[文学—中国文学]