欧盟典型国家劳务移民对解决养老金危机的作用及其对我国的借鉴  

Study the Effects of European Union Labor Migration Policy on Solving Pension Crisis and Its Reference to China

作　　者：王云多[1] WANG Yun-duo(School of Economics and Business Administration,Heilongjiang University,Harbin 150080,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江大学经济与工商管理学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150080

出　　处：《人口与发展》2022年第5期97-106,共10页Population and Development

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目《生育率下降与预期寿命延长双重约束下养老保险制度可持续性研究》(批准号16BRK016);黑龙江省省属高校基本科研业务项目“人口老龄化与劳动力流失双重约束下黑龙江省职工基本养老保险制度可持续性研究”(编号:2021-KYYWF-0111)。

摘　　要：近年来我国正经历快速人口老龄化带来的公共养老金支出压力,如何应对公共养老金财政危机成为急需解决的社会经济问题。通过运用误差修正模型对先于我国有类似经历的欧盟典型国家海外移民解决公共养老金财政危机作用进行了研究。研究结果表明:海外劳务移民不仅能有效防止公共养老金待遇下降,而且能减少政府养老金支出和促进私人养老金的发展;与实行贝弗里奇型养老金制度的国家相比,海外劳务移民对实行俾斯麦型养老金制度国家的养老金缴费有着更为强烈的正向影响。这一有关海外劳务移民作用的研究可为我国人口老龄化及公共养老金困境的解决提供一定借鉴。从适度引入海外劳务移民、放开生育限制和改革公共养老金制度等方面提出了相关可行性建议。China is experiencing rapid population aging and the subsequent public pension spending pressure in recent years,how to deal with the public pension financial crisis become urgent social and economic problems,use error correction model to study European Union typical countries those had a similar aging experience prior to China,to solve the crisis of public pension financial through overseas immigrants.Firstly,the results showed that the overseas labor immigrants not only can effectively prevent the public pension benefit decreasing,but also can reduce government pensions and develope private pensions.Secondly,compared with countries with a Beveridge-type pension system,overseas labor migration has a stronger positive effect on pension contributions in countries with a Bismarck pension system.In addition,the research on the role of overseas labor migration in European union typical countries can provide some reference for solving the problem of population aging and public pension in China.Therefore,some feasible suggestions are put forward from encouraging a numbers of overseas labor migration,freeing birth restrictions and reforming the public pension system.

关 键 词：人口老龄化 海外劳务移民 养老金 欧盟 

分 类 号：F249.12[经济管理—劳动经济]