交通基础设施建设与企业数字化转型——以中国高速铁路为例的实证研究  

Transportation Infrastructure Construction and Enterprise Digital Transformation——An Empirical Study on China’s High-speed Railway

作　　者：毛宁 孙伟增 杨运杰[1] 刘哲 MAO Ning;SUN Weizeng;YANG Yunjie;LIU Zhe(School of Economics,Central University of Finance and Economics)

机构地区：[1]中央财经大学经济学院

出　　处：《数量经济技术经济研究》2022年第10期47-67,共21页Journal of Quantitative & Technological Economics

基　　金：科学技术部高技术研究发展中心项目(2019AAA0105100);国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目(71903210);中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金的资助。

摘　　要：本文将第十四次中国私营企业调查数据与高铁站点开通数据进行匹配,首次实证考察了交通基础设施对企业数字化转型发展的影响。为解决截面数据模型的内生性问题,本文使用企业所在地周边区县高铁站的开通作为外生冲击识别因果效应。主要研究发现,高铁邻近性的改善能够显著促进企业数字化转型和提高企业数字化发展水平,特别是当周边30公里范围有高铁站点时,企业的数字化转型升级明显加速。机制分析表明,高铁邻近性能够显著提高企业家的数字技术接触度、缓解数字专业人才短缺问题和增加与数字技术平台的合作,进而促进企业数字化转型升级。异质性分析结果表明,小微企业、战略性新兴企业、企业家学历水平较高的企业、企业整体数字化转型水平较低地区的企业以及新型基础设施建设水平较低地区的企业,受到交通基础设施改善的冲击后数字化转型升级更加明显。本文的研究结论不仅丰富了交通基础设施和企业数字化转型相关的文献成果,更为政府处理好“新基建”和“传统基建”发展之间的关系,高效推进数字经济发展提供了政策依据。The party’s 14 th Five-Year Plan proposes to“accelerate digital development and build a digital China,”“create new advantages in the digital economy,”and“strengthen a new engine for economic development.”As an important participant of economic activities,the digital transformation of enterprises is of great significance to the high-quality development of China’s economy.However,the digital transformation of enterprises in China has a long way to go.According to the statistics of the 14 th China Private Enterprise Survey,in 2020,approximately 36.19%of China’s private enterprises had not yet carried out any digital process;25.64%were still in their infancy,and only about 3.92%had achieved digitalization.All sectors of the society generally believe that“new infrastructure”is a strong support and driving force for enterprise digital transformation,and enough attention has not been paid to whether the“traditional infrastructure,”especially the transportation infrastructure,represented by the“railway,road,and plane,”can promote the digital transformation of enterprises.Under the background of the government’s promotion of“transportation power”and the development of the digital economy,this study focuses on China’s high-speed railway and discusses its impact on the digital transformation and upgrading of enterprises.Using the 14 th survey data of Chinese private enterprises and the data of high-speed railway stations,this study empirically investigates the impact of“traditional infrastructure”on the development of enterprise digital transformation for the first time.To solve the endogenous problem of the spatial location of enterprises and high-speed railway stations,this study uses the opening of high-speed railway stations in districts and counties around an enterprise as an exogenous impact to identify the causal effect.The main findings are as follows.First,the improvement of the proximity of high-speed rail can significantly promote the digital transformation of enterprises

关 键 词：高铁 企业数字化 私营企业调查 数字鸿沟 

分 类 号：F061.5[经济管理—政治经济学]