目标群体、政策设计与城市低保救助水平——基于中国地级市的经验证据  

Targeting Population, Policy Design and Urban Minimum Livelihood Guarantee Assistance Level——Based on Data of 288 Cities in China

作　　者：程中培 Cheng Zhongpei

机构地区：[1]南京大学政府管理学院

出　　处：《财政科学》2022年第9期139-150,共12页Fiscal Science

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“农村低保资格认定中的数字治理困境及政策创新研究”(22CSH071);南京大学优秀博士研究生创新能力提升计划B项目“最低生活保障制度‘未领取’问题研究”(202102B005)。

摘　　要：本研究基于我国地级市面板数据,运用固定效应模型,借鉴目标群体社会建构理论,从低保人口类型比例角度拓展城市低保救助水平的影响因素。结果表明,城市低保救助水平受到当地城市低保救助对象中不同类型群体比例的显著影响,低保残疾人和失业人员比例较高的城市,其低保保障标准和人均支出水平相应上升;但低保女性和未成年人比例的增长,与城市低保人均支出水平呈现显著负相关。地方城市低保政策设计凸显目标群体差异化救助逻辑、工作伦理和国家辅助性原则等特征。要针对重点人群适度提升社会救助水平,关注社会救助政策中的儿童和性别视角,建立低保保障标准和人均支出水平的增长联动机制,扎实筑牢低收入人口共同富裕的“最后一道安全网”。Based on the panel data of 288 cities in China, this study applies the fixed-effect model to expand the research on the influencing factors of urban minimum livelihood guarantee assistance level. Results showed that cities with a higher proportion of the unemployed and the disabled among the beneficiaries have higher benefit standards and per capita expenditure levels of minimum livelihood guarantee. However, the growth of the proportion of women and minors among the beneficiaries lead decline of the per capita expenditure levels of minimum livelihood guarantee significantly. The design of China’s local urban minimum livelihood guarantee assistance policies highlights the characteristics of differentiated social assistance logic for targeting population,work ethics and the principle of subsidiarity. Local governments should improve the level of social assistance to key groups, introduce the perspective of children and gender into the social assistance policy agenda, establish a growth linkage mechanism between benefit standards and per capita expenditure levels of minimum livelihood guarantee, and then consolidate China’s social protection network.

关 键 词：城市低保 社会救助 目标群体 救助水平 

分 类 号：F840.61[经济管理—保险]