不同醇及助剂对大麻有机溶剂脱胶效果的影响  

Effects of different alcohols and additives on organic solvent degumming for hemp fibers

作　　者：施朝禾 秦智慧 赵树元 刘柳 张瑞云[1,4] 程隆棣 SHI Zhaohe;QIN Zhihui;ZHAO Shuyuan;LIU Liu;ZHANG Ruiyun;CHENG Longdi(College of Textiles,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Key Laboratory of Textile Science&Technology,Ministry of Education,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology,Donghua University,Shanghai 201620,China;Shanghai Belt and Road Joint Laboratory of Textile Intelligent,Shanghai 200051,China)

机构地区：[1]东华大学纺织学院,上海201620 [2]东华大学纺织面料技术教育部重点实验室,上海201620 [3]东华大学纺织科技创新中心,上海201620 [4]上海市纺织智能制造与工程一带一路国际联合实验室,上海200051

出　　处：《纺织学报》2022年第10期77-82,共6页Journal of Textile Research

基　　金：上海市科学技术委员会“科技创新行动计划”“一带一路”国际合作项目(21130750100)。

摘　　要：为解决传统化学脱胶污染大、损伤纤维等弊端以及生物脱胶成本高、耗时长等问题,使用高沸点醇类有机溶剂对大麻麻皮进行脱胶处理,提高脱胶选择性,确保反应安全环保;同时针对脱胶后大麻纤维残胶率及物理力学性能不足的问题,引入碱性钠盐助剂辅助脱胶。研究了4种不同醇类(乙二醇、1,2-丙二醇、丙三醇和1,4-丁二醇)和3种不同碱性钠盐助剂(碳酸钠、碳酸氢钠及硅酸钠)对大麻麻皮脱胶效果的影响,对脱胶后纤维的各项性能进行了对比。结果表明:经乙二醇脱胶的大麻纤维性能在4种醇类中最好,木质素去除效果最佳,纤维残胶率为8.67%,断裂强度偏低,为3.92 cN/dtex;3种碱性钠盐助剂中,碳酸钠辅助乙二醇脱胶的大麻纤维残胶率为7.71%,断裂强度为4.84 cN/dtex,符合大麻精麻的国家标准。In order to overcome the disadvantages of traditional chemical degumming,such as serious pollution and fiber damage,as well as the high cost and time-consuming biological degumming process,hemp bast was degummed with high boiling point alcohol organic solvent to improve degumming selectivity and ensure safety and environmental protection.To solve the problem of insufficient residual glue rate and physical and mechanical properties of hemp fiber after degumming,alkaline sodium salt additives were added to organic solvents to assist degumming.The effects of four different alcohols(ethylene glycol,1,2-propanediol,glycerol and 1,4-butanediol)and three different alkaline sodium salt(sodium carbonate,sodium bicarbonate and sodium silicate)additives on the degumming effect of hemp bast were studied,and the chemical and physical properties of degummed fiber were compared.The results showed that among the four alcohols,the performance of hemp fiber degummed by ethylene glycol was the best,the lignin removal effect was the best,the residual rubber rate of fiber was 8.67%,but the breaking strength was low,which was 3.92 cN/dtex.Among the three basic sodium salt additives,the residual gum rate of hemp fiber degummed by sodium carbonate assisted ethylene glycol is 7.71%,and the breaking strength is 4.84 cN/dtex,which meets the national standard of refined hemp.

关 键 词：大麻 脱胶 乙二醇 碳酸钠 有机溶剂 

分 类 号：TS123[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]