长期施用猪粪对土壤磷含量及无机磷组分的影响  

Effects of long-term application of swine manure on soil phosphorus content and inorganic phosphorus components

作　　者：张春龙 李冰 黄容 唐晓燕 肖怡 白根川 王昌全 ZHANG Chunlong;LI Bing;HUANG Rong;TANG Xiaoyan;XIAO Yi;BAI Genchuan;WANG Changquan(College of Resources,Sichuan Agriculture University,Chengdu 611130,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学资源学院,成都611130

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第10期2241-2249,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31972505);四川省科技计划重点研发项目(2021YFN0127)。

摘　　要：为研究长期猪粪施用下土壤无机磷组分变化及其对土壤磷素有效性的影响,本研究通过7 a定位试验,探明了稻-麦轮作中不同猪粪磷施用量下土壤磷素有效性以及土壤无机磷组分含量变化特征,并采用通径系数与逐步回归拟合方程剖析了土壤无机磷组分变化对磷有效性的贡献。结果表明:长期施用猪粪显著提升了土壤磷素有效性及土壤中各无机磷组分含量,其中当猪粪磷(P_(2)O_(5))施用量超过600 kg·hm^(-2)(M3)时,随着猪粪磷施用量提高土壤有效磷含量及磷活化系数(PAC)增加,但增加幅度逐渐下降,于M5处理(1 200 kg·hm^(-2))达到最大值,与单施化肥处理(CK)相比,增幅分别为86.58 mg·kg^(-1)和4.50个百分点;在土壤无机磷组分中,土壤Ca_(8)-P含量及占比最大,分别达268.25 mg·kg^(-1)和20.73%。与当年施用猪粪(1 a,2013年)相比,长期施用猪粪后(7 a,2019年)有效磷主要贡献源由易利用磷源Ca_(2)-P转变为中等活性磷源Ca_(8)-P,且Ca_(8)-P直接作用系数由0.302增至1.679。研究表明,长期连续猪粪投入改变了土壤无机磷蓄积方式,显著提高了土壤磷有效性及供磷潜力,有效磷贡献源由易利用磷源转变为中等活性磷源,土壤磷活性过高也可能导致磷淋失风险,稻-麦轮作系统中猪粪磷施用量不宜超过800 kg·hm^(-2),结合稻麦季作物产量,猪粪磷施用量以600 kg·hm^(-2)为宜。In order to investigate the change in inorganic phosphorus components in soil and its effects on soil phosphorus availability under long-term application of swine manure,a 7-year field experiment was conducted in a rice-wheat rotation system to determine the effects of swine manure application on soil inorganic phosphorus content and its proportion and soil phosphorus availability.The contribution of soil inorganic phosphorus content to soil phosphorus availability was analyzed using path coefficient and stepwise regression fitting equations.The results showed that long-term application of swine manure could significantly improve soil inorganic phosphorus fractions and phosphorus availability.Six treatments with swine manure phosphorus application rates of(0-1200 kg·hm^(-2),P_(2)O_(5))were evaluated.When the application amount was more than 600 kg·hm^(-2)(M3),the increase range of soil Olsen-P and phosphorus activation coefficient(PAC)decreased with the increase in application amount,and reached the maximum value in M5(1200 kg·hm^(-2))at 86.58 mg·kg^(-1) and 4.50 percent points,respectively.In terms of soil inorganic phosphorus,soil Ca_(8)-P content and its proportion increased the most,reaching 268.25 mg·kg^(-1) and 20.73%,respectively.After long-term application of swine manure,the main contribution source of available phosphorus altered from Ca_(2)-P,an easily available phosphorus source,to Ca_(s)-P,a moderately active phosphorus source,and the direct action cofficient of Ca_(s)-P increased from 0.302 to 1.679.Long-term application of swine manure significantly improved the availability of soil phosphorus and the potential of soil phosphorus supply,altered soil inorganic phosphorus fractions,and the contribution source of available phosphorus changed from an easily available to a medium active phosphorus source.However,high soil phosphorus activity may lead to the risk of phosphorus leaching.Therefore,under the conditions of this study,the application amount of phosphorus in swine manure in a rice-wheat r

关 键 词：猪粪 土壤 无机磷 有效磷 

分 类 号：S153.6[农业科学—土壤学]