不同形态氮素对黑曲霉降解小麦秸秆的影响  

Impacts of different forms of nitrogen on the decomposition of wheat straw by Aspergillus niger

作　　者：管浩 王利妍 金梦灿 田达 郜红建 GUAN Hao;WANG Liyan;JIN Mengcan;TIAN Da;GAO Hongjian(College of Resources and Environment,Anhui Agricultural University/Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Farmland Ecological Conservation and Pollution Prevention/Key Laboratory of Jianghuai Arable Land Resources Protection and Eco-restoration,Ministry of Natural Resources/Anhui Engineering and Technology Research Center of Intelligent Manufacture and Efficient Utilization of Green Phosphorus Fertilizer/Research Center of Phosphorous Efficient Utilization and Water Environment Protection Along the Yangtze River Economic Zoner,Hefei 230036,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院/农田生态保育与污染防控安徽省重点实验室/自然资源部江淮耕地资源保护与生态修复重点实验室/安徽省绿色磷肥智能制造与高效利用工程研究中心/长江经济带磷资源高效利用与水环境保护研究中心,合肥230036

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2022年第10期2298-2306,共9页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41877099,42007030);安徽省科技重大专项(202103a06020012);安徽省自然资源厅科技项目(2021-K-11)。

摘　　要：为探究外源添加不同形态氮素对黑曲霉降解小麦秸秆的影响,采用室内摇瓶培养法研究不同形态氮素对小麦秸秆降解过程中残留质量、微生物生物量和胞外酶活性变化的影响。设置小麦秸秆(W)、小麦秸秆+黑曲霉(WA)、小麦秸秆+黑曲霉+硫酸铵(WAA)、小麦秸秆+黑曲霉+尿素(WAU)、小麦秸秆+黑曲霉+硝酸钾(WAP)五个处理。结果表明,培养至30 d时,小麦秸秆降解率呈现WAP(21.87%)>WAU(21.08%)>WAA(17.29%)>WA(14.23%)>W(7.86%)的规律,而降解速率常数则表现为K_(WAU)(0.222)>K_(WAP)(0.184)>K_(WAA)(0.126)>K_(WA)(0.072)>K_(W)(0.059)的规律。添加不同形态氮素处理的微生物生物量增加了36.63%~65.16%,β-葡萄糖苷酶活性提高了10.42%~38.89%,酸性木聚糖酶活性提高了13.28%~58.75%,锰过氧化物酶活性提高了2.80%~26.60%,漆酶活性提高了22.86%~44.57%,其中酰胺态氮和硝态氮的效果最佳。结构方程模型结果表明,添加氮素通过影响微生物生物量(SPC=0.45)提高秸秆降解酶活性,进而促进小麦秸秆降解。综上,黑曲霉能促进小麦秸秆降解(P<0.05),而外源添加不同形态氮素能显著加快黑曲霉对小麦秸秆的降解,以酰胺态氮和硝态氮的效果较好。从投入成本和实际应用角度考虑,尿素是促进黑曲霉降解小麦秸秆的理想氮源。The effect of exogenous addition of different forms of nitrogen on the decomposition of wheat straw by Aspergillus niger was assessed.The effects of different forms of nitrogen on residue mass,microbial biomass,and extracellular enzyme activity during the decomposition of wheat straw were studied by an indoor shaking culture method.The five treatments conducted in the laboratory were as follows:wheat straw(W),wheat straw+A.niger(WA),wheat straw+A.niger+ammonium sulfate(WAA),wheat straw+A.niger+urea(WAU),and wheat straw+A.niger+potassium nitrate(WAP).The treatment order of the decomposition rate of wheat straw was WAP(21.87%)>WAU(21.08%)>WAA(17.29%)>WA(14.23%)>W(7.86%),and the order of the decomposition rate constant was K_(WAU)(0.222)>K_(WAP)(0.184)>K_(WAA)(0.126)>K_(WA)(0.072)>K_(W)(0.059)after 30 days incubation.With the addition of different forms of nitrogen,the microbial biomass increased from 36.63%to 65.16%,β-glucosidase activity increased from 10.42%to 38.89%,acidic xylanase activity increased from 13.28%to 58.75%,manganese peroxidase activity increased from 2.80%to 26.60%,and laccase activity increased from 22.86%to 44.57%.Amide nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen produced the best results.A structural equation model also revealed that nitrogen addition increased the activity of straw-degrading enzymes by affecting the microbial biomass(SPC=0.45),thereby promoting the decomposition of wheat straw.The findings indicate that A.niger can promote decomposition of wheat straw(P<0.05).Exogenous addition of different forms of nitrogen,especially amide nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen,can significantly accelerate the decomposition of wheat straw by A.niger.Considering the input cost and practical application,urea is an ideal nitrogen source for promoting the decomposition of wheat straw by A.niger.

关 键 词：黑曲霉 氮素形态 小麦秸秆降解 酶活性 结构方程模型 

分 类 号：S141.4[农业科学—肥料学] X71[农业科学—农业基础科学]