汉语动类拷贝式话述结构的句法特征初探  

A Syntactic Study of the Verb Copy Discourse Structure in Chinese

作　　者：吴文婷 Wu Wenting(School of Liberal Arts,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023;Sport Development and Planning Academy,Nanjing Sport Institute,Nanjing 210014,China)

机构地区：[1]南京大学文学院,江苏南京210033 [2]南京体育学院体育发展与规划研究院,江苏南京210014

出　　处：《现代语文》2022年第10期16-26,共11页Modern Chinese

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“汉语语法机制的系统研究”(19BYY028)。

摘　　要：汉语动类拷贝式话述结构是汉语话题结构中一种较有特色的类型。运用结构主义语法、系统功能语法等方法,对动类拷贝式话述结构的句法问题进行探讨。研究发现,话述结构句法的基本类型可以划分为四类:等式、扩充式、缩减式和交叉式;层次类型可以划分为三类:单一型、复杂型和兼类型。话述结构的主要句法功能是:话题充当主话题、次话题和次次话题的句法角色,述题充当大谓语和小谓语的句法角色,结构充当多种句法成分、独立成句或复句中的分句。话述结构的变换关系具有多样性,主要体现在不同层次的话述结构之间、同一层次的次类之间,话述结构与“把”字/“被”字结构、“的”字结构、并列结构等其他句式之间。以话题视角为切入点,为汉语拷贝结构、话题结构的语法理论研究提供有效例证,同时,也为工具书的编纂、汉语国际教育等语言实践提供参考资料。The Chinese verb copy discourse structure is a more distinctive type of Chinese topic structure.This paper makes a more in-depth study of the syntactic and semantic dimensions of the Chinese verb copy discourse structure by using the viewpoints and methods of structural grammar and systematic functional grammar.It is found that there are four types of syntactic types of moving-type copy-type speech structures:equality,expansion,reduction and crossover,and three types of hierarchical types:single,complex and concurrent type.The syntactic function of discourse structure is that topic plays the role of main topic,subtopic and sub-subtopic,rheme plays the role of large predicate and small predicate,and structure plays the role of clauses of multiple syntactic components,independent sentences or complex sentences.There are diversified transformation relations between narrative structures at different levels and at the same level,and between narrative structures and other sentence structures such as“ba(把)”and“bei(被)”,“de(的)”and parallel structures.This paper,starting from the topic perspective,provides effective examples for the grammatical theoretical research of Chinese copy structure and topic structure,and also plays a certain reference role in the compilation of linguistic reference books and the language practice of Chinese international education.

关 键 词：动类拷贝式 话述结构 句法类型 句法功能 变换关系 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]