青海省3个牦牛群体母系遗传多样性、分化及系统发育分析  

Maternal Genetic Diversity, Differentiation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Three Yak Populations in Qinghai, China

作　　者：白诗睿 马志杰[1,2,3] 梅萨 陈生梅 陈付菊[4] 郭卫兴 BAI Shirui;MA Zhijie;MEI Sa;CHEN Shengmei;CHEN Fuju;GUO Weixing(Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xining 810016,China;Plateau Livestock Genetic Resources Protection and Innovative Utilization key Laboratory of Qinghai Province,Xining 810016,China;College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Station of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary,Banma County of Golog Prefecture in Qinghai Province,Banma 814399,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学畜牧兽医科学院,西宁810016 [2]农业农村部青藏高原畜禽遗传育种重点实验室,西宁810016 [3]青海省高原家畜遗传资源保护与创新利用重点实验室,西宁810016 [4]青海大学农牧学院,西宁810016 [5]青海省果洛州班玛县畜牧兽医站,青海班玛814399

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2022年第5期664-669,共6页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31960656);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养引进计划(“西部青年学者”)项目(3-1)。

摘　　要：【目的】从分子水平上探究青海省果洛藏族自治州3个牦牛群体(即达日、玛沁和岗龙群体)的母系遗传多样性水平、分化状况、聚类关系及其遗传背景。【方法】对33头岗龙牦牛线粒体DNA(mtDNA)D-loop区序列进行了测定,后从GenBank中下载了已报道的37条达日牦牛和32条玛沁牦牛的相应序列,对共计102条mtDNA D-loop序列进行综合分析。【结果】根据638 bp D-loop区分析序列间核苷酸变异共确定了32种单倍型,其中达日、玛沁和岗龙牦牛群体分别拥有特有单倍型8、6和8种。3个牦牛群体总的单倍型多样度和核苷酸多样度为0.921±0.014和0.020±0.010,其中岗龙牦牛的单倍型多样度最高(0.951±0.019),达日牦牛的单倍型多样度居中(0.901±0.034),而玛沁牦牛的单倍型多样度最低(0.887±0.033)。岗龙牦牛与达日牦牛(F_(st)=0.118;N_(m)=1.869)、玛沁牦牛(F_(st)=0.129;N_(m)=1.688)群体间均呈中等遗传分化水平,基因交流贫乏,而达日牦牛和玛沁牦牛间(F_(st)=0.021;N_(m)=11.655)分化程度很弱,基因交流相对频繁。达日牦牛与玛沁牦牛最先聚为一类,后与岗龙牦牛再聚为一类。3个牦牛群体均由2个母系遗传分支组成,推测各群体均有2个母系起源。【结论】青海省果洛藏族自治州3个牦牛群体均拥有特有的母系遗传信息,岗龙、达日牦牛群体相比玛沁牦牛具有更丰富的母系遗传多样性;岗龙牦牛与达日、玛沁牦牛群体间遗传分化程度较高,而达日牦牛和玛沁牦牛间分化水平较低;各群体均由2个母系遗传分支组成,推测其均有2个母系起源。[Objective] The current study was conducted to investigate the maternal genetic diversity,differentiation,clustering relationship, and genetic background of three yak populations(i.e.,Dari,Maqin,and Ganglong populations) in Golog Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of Qinghai, China at the molecular level.[Method] The 638 bp mtDNA D-loop sequences of 33 Ganglong yaks were sequenced firstly and then analyzed with corresponding sequences from 37 Dari yaks and 32 Maqin yaks reported in GenBank.[Result] The results showed that a total of 32 haplotypes were identified according to the 638 bp nucleotide sequence comparisons, of which the Dari,Maqin and Ganglong yak populations had 8,6,and 8 specific haplotypes,respectively.The total haplotype diversity and nucleotide diversity of three populations were 0.921±0.014 and 0.020±0.010,respectively.Among them,the value of haplotype diversity was the highest in Ganglong yak(0.951±0.019),middle in Dari yak(0.901±0.034),but lowest in Maqin yak(0.887±0.033).Analyses of genetic differentiation and gene flow showed a moderate genetic differentiation and poor gene exchanged between Ganglong population and Dari(F=0.118;Nm=1.869),Maqin(F=0.129;Nm=1.688) populations respectively,while a low genetic differentiation and frequent gene exchanged between Dari and Maqin(F=0.021;Nm=11.655) populations.Dari and Maqin populations clustered firstly in cluster analysis, and then gathered with Ganglong yak population.Maternal phylogenetic analysis revealed that each of the three yak populations represented two maternal lineages(Ⅰand Ⅱ) with two maternal origins.[Conclusion] The three yak populations in Golog Prefecture,Qinghai, China all have unique maternal genetic information.Ganglong and Dari yak populations have richer maternal genetic diversity than that of Maqin population.The genetic differentiation degrees between Ganglong and Dari or Maqin yak populations are higher,while the differentiation level between Dari and Maqin yak populations is lower.Each yak population is composed of two m

关 键 词：牦牛 mtDNA D-loop区 母系遗传多样性 分化 系统发育 

分 类 号：S823.85[农业科学—畜牧学]