不同秸秆还田对黄色石灰土土壤理化特性及番茄生长的影响  

Effects of Different Straw Returning on Physicochemical Properties of Yellow Calcareous Soil and Growth of Tomato

作　　者：郭佳瑶 龙健[2] 廖洪凯[2] 李娟[1] 唐璐 GUO Jiayao;LONG Jian;LIAO Hongkai;LI Juan;TANG Lu(School of Geography&Environmental Science,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China;Key Laboratory for Information System of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment of Guizhou Province,Guizhou Normal University,Guiyang 550001,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州师范大学贵州省山地环境信息系统与生态环境保护重点实验室,贵阳550001

出　　处：《四川农业大学学报》2022年第5期728-737,共10页Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金重点项目(黔科合基础[2020]1Z036);贵州省百层次创新人才项目(黔科合平台人才[2020]6010);贵州师范大学2017年度学术新苗培养及创新探索专项项目(黔科合平台人才[2017]5726-55)。

摘　　要：【目的】为进一步提高黄色石灰土的土壤质量。【方法】以贵州典型的黄色石灰土为例,采用3种秸秆还田和设置两种还田量,共8个处理,即空白试验(CK)、仅厌氧淹水(CK1)、少量水稻秸秆(R1)、高量水稻秸秆(R2)、少量玉米秸秆(C1)、高量玉米秸秆(C2)、少量芒草秸秆(M1)以及高量芒草秸秆(M2),研究厌氧淹水条件下不同秸秆与不同秸秆还田量对土壤p H、有机质、全量养分、速效养分及作物生物量等指标的动态影响,分析厌氧淹水结束后各处理的土壤化学计量特征,并运用相关分析法评估土壤养分与养分、养分与作物生物量之间的影响。【结果】(1)秸秆在厌氧淹水处理下能提高土壤的养分含量,土壤各养分指标含量随着厌氧淹水的时间延长逐渐呈现上升的趋势,除全氮外;(2)与CK相比,各处理的碳氮比显著较高,碳磷比和氮磷比显著较低;(3)通过相关分析发现,pH值、全氮与其他各养分无显著相关,有机质与其他养分指标呈显著相关,全钾、全磷分别与速效钾、速效磷呈显著相关,有机质、全钾、速效钾、速效磷与番茄生物量呈显著相关。【结论】玉米秸秆的处理效果优于水稻、芒草秸秆处理,并且高量秸秆处理的效果优于低量秸秆处理,从作物的生物量也反映出高量玉米秸秆处理的效果最佳。[Objective] This study aims to improve the soil quality of yellow calcareous soil.[Method]Taking the typical yellow calcareous soil in Guizhou province as an example, this study used three kinds of straw returning and two kinds of returning amount, including blank test(CK), anaerobic flooding only(CK1),small amount of rice straw(R1),high amount of rice straw(R2),small amount of corn straw(C1),high amount of corn straw(C2),small amount of miscanthus straw(M1),high amount of Miscanthus straw(M2).The dynamic effects of different straw and straw returning amount on soil pH,organic matter,total nutrients,available nutrients and crop biomass under anaerobic flooding were studied.The soil stoichiometric characteristics of each treatment after anaerobic flooding were also analyzed, and the effects of soil nutrients and nutrients, nutrients and crop biomass were evaluated by correlation analysis.[Result] ①Straw under anaerobic flooding treatment could improve the soil nutrient content,and the soil nutrient index content increased gradually with the extension of anaerobic flooding time, except total nitrogen;② Compared with CK, the C/N ratio of each treatment was significantly higher, and the C/P ratio and N/P ratio were significantly lower;③ Through correlation analysis, it was found that pH value and total nitrogen had no significant correlation with other nutrients, organic matter had significant correlation with other nutrient indexes, total potassium and total phosphorus had significant correlation with available potassium and available phosphorus respectively, and organic matter,total potassium,available potassium and available phosphorus had significant correlation with tomato biomass.[Conclusion] In general,the effect of corn straw treatment is better than rice and miscanthus straw treatment, and the effect of highvolume straw treatment is better than low-volume straw treatment.The biomass of crops also reflects that the effect of high-volume corn straw treatment is the best.

关 键 词：秸秆 厌氧淹水处理 黄色石灰土 土壤养分 生物量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学] S153[农业科学—园艺学]