提升小波分形策略在电机轴承电蚀故障特征提取中的应用  

Application of lifting wavelet fractal strategy in feature extraction of motor bearing electrolytic corrosion fault

作　　者：陈彬强 卿涛 曹新城 贺王鹏 曾念寅 CHEN Binqiang;QING Tao;CAO Xincheng;HE Wangpeng;ZENG Nianyin(School of Aerospace Engineering,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361005,China;School of Space Sciences and Technology,Xidian University,Xi’an 710071,China)

机构地区：[1]厦门大学航空航天学院,福建厦门361005 [2]西安电子科技大学空间科学与技术学院,西安710071

出　　处：《振动与冲击》2022年第19期223-230,247,共9页Journal of Vibration and Shock

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助(2020YFB1713500);航空科学基金项目(20183368004)。

摘　　要：电蚀是感应电机轴承服役过程中常见的物理现象,电蚀现象的发生使得电机轴承表面更容易发生点蚀剥落等局部损伤。提出提升小波分形策略,用于从多成分耦合的振动信号中提取反映轴承故障的冲击性故障特征;该策略通过对经典冗余提升小波包分解产生的相邻子空间进行后处理,生成新的隐小波包尺度,可有效弥补二进小波包分析方法对过渡带区间特征提取能力的不足;通过隐小波包子空间的中心嵌套集合实现了振动信号的中心极化多分辨分析;该方法还能继承冗余提升小波包分解的诸多优良特性(如精确线性相位及平移不变性等),从而进一步增强了振动信号中非平稳冲击特征的分析提取能力。将提出的方法应用于某型号平整机的感应电机轴承振动信号分析,在某个由提升小波分形策略生成的隐小波包子空间中提取表征轴承机械故障的周期性冲击特征,经停机检修验证该故障特征是由轴承中已经存在的电蚀故障引发;将所提出方法的特征提取效果与基于双树复小波等的主流分析方法进行对比,验证了提升小波分形策略具有更加全面的轴承故障特征分析能力。Electrolytic corrosion is a common physical phenomenon in service process of induction motor bearings.The occurrence of electrolytic corrosion makes motor bearing surface easier to have local damage,such as,pitting and spalling.Here,a lifting wavelet fractal strategy was proposed to extract impact fault features of bearing faults from multi-component coupled vibration signals.By using the proposed strategy to post-process adjacent subspace generated using the classical redundant lifting wavelet packet decomposition,a new hidden wavelet packet scale was generated to effectively make up for shortages of the dyadic wavelet packet analysis method in extracting features of transition zone.The central polarization multiresolution analysis of vibration signals was realized with the central nested set of hidden wavelet packet subspace.This method could also inherit many excellent characteristics of redundant lifting wavelet packet decomposition,such as,accurate linear phase and translation invariance to further enhance the analysis and extraction ability of non-stationary impact features in vibration signals.The proposed method was applied in vibration signal analysis of induction motor bearing of a certain type of skin pass mill.Periodic impact features characterizing bearing mechanical fault were extracted from a certain hidden wavelet packet subspace generated using the lifting wavelet fractal strategy.After shutdown and maintenance,it was verified that the fault feature is caused by the existing electrolytic corrosion fault in bearing.By comparing the feature extraction effect of the proposed method with those of the mainstream analysis methods based on dual-tree complex wavelet,it was verified that the lifting wavelet fractal strategy has a more comprehensive bearing fault feature analysis capability.

关 键 词：感应电机 滚动轴承 电蚀 提升策略 隐小波包尺度 

分 类 号：TH212[机械工程—机械制造及自动化] TH213.3