传染病议题风险感知的三重动因  

Triple Causes of Risk Perception on Infectious Disease Issues

作　　者：马超 Ma Chao(Southwest Jiaotong University)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学人文学院,四川成都611756

出　　处：《新闻与传播评论》2022年第6期46-62,共17页Journalism & Communication Review

基　　金：四川省社会科学重点研究基地“四川大学生思想政治研究中心”课题(CSZ22030)。

摘　　要：风险感知是风险传播研究领域的核心议题,也是预测人们采纳预防保护行为的关键要素。过往的研究主要从风险特质、个体差异、文化影响和媒体建构四个角度单独进行探索,既缺乏系统的整合视野,也缺少对传染病相关议题的考察。此次研究构建了一个由信息获取、风险观念和心理特质构成的三维解释框架,并利用新冠肺炎疫情期间对高校学生的线上调查数据进行实证分析。研究结果显示:人际讨论可以强化公众的风险感知,而网络接触则会削弱其风险感知;持有宿命论观念的人感知到的风险更强烈,而持有怀疑主义观念的人则容易低估风险;在心理特质方面,不确定性感知会加重公众的风险感知程度,而担忧情绪同样会强化人们的风险感知。研究的启示包括:在重大公共卫生事件中应当重视线上和线下两类不同声音分别所代表的“两个舆论场”效应;在应对突发事件的过程中,重视公众的观念纠偏和社会心态建设比单纯的风险信息发布更为重要;在考察公众的风险感知问题时,“情绪”维度与“认知”维度同等重要。Risk perception is not only the core issue in the field of risk communication, but also the key factor to predict people’s intention of preventive protection behavior adoption.The existing studies mainly explain the reason from four aspects, namely risk characteristics, individual differences, cultural influence and media construction, which are lack of systematic integration vision and attention on the infectious diseases issues.This paper proposes a three-dimensional interpretation framework consisting of information acquisition, risk wordview and psychological characteristic factors and using the data from online survey of college students from Sichuan province.It revealed that interpersonal discussion can strengthen the risk perception while Internet use could weaken the risk perception.Fatalists are more likely to perceive risks, while skeptics tend to underestimate the risks.In terms of psychological characteristics, both of the uncertainty and worry could increase the public’s risk perception.The implication of this study includes three aspects.First, we should pay attention to the “two public opinion fields effect” from online and offline information diffusion in major public health emergencies. Second, in the process of responding to emergencies, it is more important to pay attention to the public’s concept correction and social mentality cultivation than to simply risk information communication.Third, When we discuss the issue of risk perception, we should weigh the dimension of emotion response on the same position as cognitive appraisal.

关 键 词：风险感知 宿命论 情绪传播 健康传播 

分 类 号：G206[文化科学—传播学]