中美洲古代文明与中国史前玉器钻孔技术的比较研究  

Comparative Study on Prehistoric Jade Drilling Technology in Ancient Mesoamerica and China

作　　者：温雅棣 Wen Yadi

机构地区：[1]南方科技大学人文社会科学学院社会科学中心,广东省深圳市518055

出　　处：《考古》2022年第9期74-84,共11页Archaeology

摘　　要：中美洲以翡翠(硬玉或辉石玉,jadeite)为主要载体的玉文化自公元前2000年起繁荣于墨西哥湾沿岸低地的奥尔梅克(Olmec)文化中,前古典时期(Preclassic Period,公元前2000年至公元 300年)的奥尔梅克人利用遥远的莫塔瓜河谷(Motagua Valley)地区出产的翡翠制作精美玉器,最早应用于祭祀。Through trace-wear analysis and observation of Olmec jade objects housed in the Dumbarton Oaks Museum and Maya jade objects unearthed from the Chichén Itzá site,curated in the Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology,Harvard University,this study finds that ancient Mesoamerican jade objects present two categories of drilling:practical drilling and ritual drilling.The former includes partial drill marks to set drill bits,sequential partial drills that interconnect and form decoration,tubular partially drilled holes that form circular decorations,sequential drills forming openwork,and drill marks that served as guidelines for cutting.Ritual perforation ascribes special symbolism of breath and life to jade objects.There were two systems of drilling technology for manufacturing jade objects in Neolithic China:one was rotary cutting by means of a device analogous to a beam compass.The other was drilling with a rotary mechanism,involving stone bearing.The drilling technology of jade objects from Neolithic China and ancient Mesoamerica may be compared through respective drilling devices,use contexts,and cultural implications.

关 键 词：玉器 钻孔技术 奥尔梅克文化 玛雅文化 新石器时代 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]