生育卜辞“[女力]”字覈诂  

An Explanation of “[女力]” Review in Fertility Oracle Bone Inscriptions

作　　者：朱彦民[1] Zhu Yanmin

机构地区：[1]南开大学历史学院,天津300350

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2022年第9期11-21,共11页History Teaching

摘　　要：殷墟甲骨文较多的生育卜辞中,往往会伴有“[女力]”字出现。胡厚宣先生认为此字是生男孩的专字,读为“嘉”(佳),并由此论证商代已经有了重男轻女的社会习俗。许多关于殷商社会历史文化与男女观念的相关研究,都是以此为基础引发开去,影响颇大。然而搜集更多的出现“[女力]”字的卜辞,认真研读就会发现,这些卜辞不仅包括生育卜辞,也有些并非生育卜辞,有些是关于妇女卜辞,有些则是确定的男性卜辞。这就很难支持胡氏“[女力]”字生男专字说了。细绎生育卜辞中的“娩”与“[女力]”及生男生女之间的逻辑关系,发现“[女力]”只是一种表示顺利、平安的状态,与婴儿的性别无关。In the fertility oracle bone inscriptions,there is often accompanied by the appearance of the“[女力]”.Mr.Hu Houxuan believed that this word was a special word for giving birth to a boy,and it was pronounced“嘉”(佳),and thus demonstrated that the Shang Dynasty had already had a social custom of favoring sons over women.Many related studies on the history and culture of Shang Dynasty and the concept of men and women were initiated on this basis and had a great impact.However,if we collect more oracle bone inscriptions in which the“[女力]”appears,and carefully study it,we will find that these oracle bone inscriptions not only include fertility oracle bone inscriptions,but also some are not fertility oracle bone inscriptions,some are about women,and some are definitely male oracle bone inscriptions.This makes it difficult to support Hu’s above statement.After carefully deciphering the logical relationship between“娩”and“[女力]”in the fertility oracle bone inscriptions and the birth of boys and girls,we find that“[女力]”only means a smooth and peaceful state,and has nothing to do with the gender of the baby.

关 键 词：甲骨文 生育卜辞 [女力] 

分 类 号：K22[历史地理—历史学]