殖民主义知识的生产——十字军研究中“法兰克-叙利亚社会”模式的构建与反思  

The Production of Colonial Knowledge:The Construction and Reflection of the Model of "Franco-Syrian Society" in the Study of Crusades

作　　者：苏泽明 Su Zeming

机构地区：[1]清华大学人文学院,北京100084

出　　处：《历史教学（下半月）》2022年第9期39-49,共11页History Teaching

摘　　要：19世纪以来,由于向东扩张的需要,西方建立了一整套宣扬“西优东劣”的东方学知识,十字军东征研究也深受此说影响。在此背景下,论证西方殖民东方合法的“法兰克-叙利亚社会”模式被构建出来,塑造了一个在西欧封建制度下,殖民者与被殖民地居民和谐共生的美好社会。二战后,由于殖民主义理论本身遭到解构,该模式也渐受质疑和批判。不过,对该模式的批判,更多源自西方学术界内部,并未跳出殖民主义和传统东方学的话语体系,因而只是程度上的修正,不是理论上的重构,这值得我们反思。Since the 19th century, due to the need of eastward expansion, the West has established a set of Oriental knowledge that preaches “the West is superior and the East is inferior”, which also influenced the study of the Crusades. In this context, the model of “Franco-Syrian society”was constructed to demonstrate the legitimacy of western colonization of the East, depicting a beautiful picture of harmonious coexistence between colonizers and colonized residents under the feudal system of Western Europe. After World War II, as the theory of colonialism itself was deconstructed, the model was gradually questioned and criticized. However, the criticism of this model was more from the western academic circles and does not break out of the discourse system of colonialism and traditional Orientalism. Therefore, it is only a revision to a certain extent rather than a theoretical reconstruction, which is worth our reference and reflection.

关 键 词：十字军东征 “法兰克-叙利亚社会” 殖民主义 东方学 

分 类 号：K13[历史地理—历史学]