星舰气动布局性能特点分析  

Performance and characteristics analysis on the Starship aerodynamic configuration

作　　者：李志文 张磊 李亮 黄斌 袁海涛 LI Zhiwen;ZHANG Lei;LI Liang;HUANG Bin;YUAN Haitao(The System Design Institute of Mechanical-Electrical Engineering,Beijing 100854,China)

机构地区：[1]北京机电工程总体设计部,北京100854

出　　处：《空气动力学学报》2022年第5期1-14,共14页Acta Aerodynamica Sinica

摘　　要：星舰(Starship)是当前美国太空探索公司(SpaceX)推出的新一代可重复使用航天运输系统。本文基于公开资料,采用数值仿真方法,对星舰气动布局开展了建模、计算和分析,从升阻特性、配平特性、稳定性、上反控制与传统鸭翼对比等方面对星舰布局气动特性进行了论述,同时结合弹道计算情况,开展了热环境分析及防热材料、工艺分析,从总体设计的角度对星舰布局设计理念进行剖析。研究表明:星舰采用的前后翼控制方式与大攻角飞行相匹配,能够实现大攻角全速域可控,无尾布局横航向大攻角区间静稳定,上反控制与传统鸭舵相比大攻角飞行时具有高效、低热特点。综合来说,星舰气动布局任务需求明确,设计目标清晰、方案简洁合理。Starship is a novel reusable astronautical transportation system proposed by SpaceX. Based on the relevant available information, the work builds up the aerodynamic configuration of the Starship and investigates its performance by means of Computational Fluid Dynamics. A comprehensive study, including liftdrag characteristic, trim characteristic, stability and the comparison of dihedral deflecting wing with canard,reentry trajectory, thermal environment, has been done. Based on the trajectory calculation, the analysis on thermal environment and thermal protection material has been done. The designing concept of the Starship has been discussed from an overall perspective. It is shown that the control mode adopted by the Starship is suitable for high angle-of-attack flight. The Starship is controllable across the whole speed domain. The tailless layout of the Starship makes it lateral stable at high angle-of-attack. A lower ballistic coefficient enables higher deceleration efficiency of the Starship. Due to the fact that the higher efficiency enables lesser aerodynamic heating, dihedral deflecting wing is more suitable than the canard for the Starship at high angle-of-attack. In general, the aerodynamic configuration of the Starship has clear mission requirements and designing objectives.The designing scheme is concise and reasonable.

关 键 词：星舰 气动布局 气动特性 大攻角 计算流体力学 上反控制 鸭翼 

分 类 号：V476.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]