南海内波研究前沿与热点  

Research Frontiers and Highlights of Internal Waves in the South China Sea

作　　者：郑全安[1] 陈亮 熊学军 胡筱敏 杨光兵 ZHENG Quan-an;CHEN Liang;XIONG Xue-jun;HU Xiao-min;YANG Guang-bing(Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Science,University of Maryland,College Park 20742,USA;First Institute of Oceanography,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China;Laboratory for Regional Oceanography and Numerical Modeling,Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology(Qingdao),Qingdao 266071,China;Key Laboratory of Marine Science and Numerical Modeling,MNR,Qingdao 266061,China)

机构地区：[1]马里兰大学大气海洋科学系,美国马里兰州学院市20742 [2]自然资源部第一海洋研究所,山东青岛266061 [3]青岛海洋科学与技术试点国家实验室区域海洋动力学与数值模拟功能实验室,山东青岛266237 [4]自然资源部海洋环境科学与数值模拟重点实验室,山东青岛266061

出　　处：《海洋科学进展》2022年第4期564-580,共17页Advances in Marine Science

基　　金：国家科技重大专项科研任务——南海北部内波流监测、预报、预警系统研究及应用(2016ZX05057015);海洋工程装备科研项目——500米水深油田生产装备TLP自主研发-内波流预警方案研究及内波流监测系统研制。

摘　　要：内波为发生在层结海洋内部的亚中尺度波动,是物理海洋学研究,特别是海洋混合及能量级串研究,不可或的缺环节。孤立内波的突发性巨大冲击能量可对水下航行和工程设施构成灾难性威胁,实现实时监测与预报海洋内波具有重大现实意义。南海是全球海洋中超强内波多发海区之一。长期现场观测表明,吕宋海峡以西海域内孤立波振幅高达150~200 m,且终年发生。因此,南海是目前海洋内孤立波观测与研究热点海域。本文以2015年至2021年间发表的论文为依据,评述南海内波研究新进展,认为7 a来研究成果取得质的提升。第一,实现了由卫星为主要手段2D观测到以卫星与潜标同步3D观测为主要手段的提升。由此催生出振幅240 m超强内孤立波、中尺度涡对内波的调制作用、重现周期23 h内孤立波、浅海内孤立波裂变现象、深海盆内波及动能级串等创新成果。第二,研究区开始呈现向中部深海盆扩展趋势。迄今为止,南海内波观测与研究集中在吕宋海峡以西和北部陆架,现已出现向中部深海盆扩展趋势。第三,海洋探测高新技术应用于南海内波观测与研究,取得了突破性成果。由卫星高度计沿轨海面高度场二维平面波分解技术得出的南海M2内潮辐射图,解决了多年争论不休的南海北部内波生成机制和生成源地问题。人工智能技术成功应用于建立南海邻近的边缘海内波传播预报模式。模式预报的一个潮周期之后内波波峰线位置与后续卫星图像上显示的位置之间的平均相关系数达95%,平均距离均方根差为3 km。快速深潜剖面浮标技术应用于南海北部深海盆,得出0~3 500 m全水深内波波段(周期为0.1~1.8 d)波动引起的水温起伏幅度垂直分布。高分辨水下声成像技术,包括人工地震技术和回声探测仪,成功应用于南海北部陆架内波观测与研究。其中回声探测仪图像空间分辨率达10 cThe internal waves are a type of sub-mesoscale wave motions occurring in the interior of stratified ocean, which is an indispensable component for physical oceanographic research, particularly for ocean mixing and energy cascade studies. The huge shock momentum suddenly generated by internal solitary waves may lead to catastrophic threats to underwater navigations and ocean engineering facilities. Thus, implement of real time monitoring and forecast for ocean internal waves is of great significance for operational applications. The South China Sea is one of ocean areas in the global ocean, which are characterized by frequent occurrence of super intensive internal waves. Long-term mooring observations show that the internal solitary wave amplitudes reach as high as 150-200 m in west of the Luzon Strait, occurring all year round. Therefore, the South China Sea is a hotspot ocean area for observation and research of ocean internal solitary waves.Based on the literature published from 2015 to 2021, this overview paper aims to review recent advances in the research of internal waves in the South China Sea. It is recognized that the research results have gained a qualitative rise during the7 years. First, it is implemented that major observation technologies have been raised from 2D satellite observation to 3D simultaneously combined observation of satellite and mooring technologies. This technologic advance has promoted a series of innovative results, such as super intensive internal solitary wave with the amplitude as high as 240 m, mesoscale eddy modulation to the internal waves, the internal solitary waves with the re-appearance period of 23 h, fission phenomenon of internal solitary waves in the shallow waters, internal waves in the deep basin and their energy cascade.Second, the study areas have appeared an expanding trend to the central deep basin. Up to now, the study areas of observation and research of internal waves in the South China Sea have been concentrated in west of the Luzon Strait and on the northern

关 键 词：内波 孤立波裂变 内潮辐射图 水下声成像 南海 

分 类 号：P731.1[天文地球—海洋科学]