“三转婆姨”是如何变为城市护工的——以“吕梁山护工”为例  

How Can Rural Housewives Become Urban Care Workers?A Case Study of“Lvliangshan Care Workers”

作　　者：赵龙伟 刘爱玉[1] ZHAO Long-wei;LIU Ai-yu(Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学社会学系,北京100871

出　　处：《山东女子学院学报》2022年第6期53-67,F0003,共16页Journal of Shandong Women＇s University

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“当代中国社会转型期的不稳定工作与性别观念的重塑”(项目编号:ZIBSH080)。

摘　　要：随着中国人口老龄化加快和“三孩”生育政策的出台,中国家庭对市场化的照料劳动需求日盛;一些地方政府推动农村贫困家庭女性接受技能培训,成为城市照料市场中的护工。以山西省的“吕梁山护工”为例,来探究日常生活“围着锅台转、围着老公转、围着孩子转”的农村“三转婆姨”如何变为城市护工、城市护工的生产如何实现,以及作为持家者的农村家庭女性如何变为养家者的城市护工问题的研究结果表明,农村家庭妇女在转变为城市护工的过程中,政府和市场借助于农村内部的社会关系网络,将力量作用于农村的个体和家庭;作为主体的农村家庭女性,在家庭生命周期变动之下,利用“性别化的年龄”形成的照料劳动市场中的优势地位,对去性别化的父辈责任主动担当,“三转婆姨”转变为城市护工的同时,也从持家者转变为养家者。With the accelerated aging of China’s population and the introduction of the“three-child”birth policy,urban families have a growing demand for market-based care service.Some local governments encourage women from poor rural families to receive training for care workers in urban care market.Taking the“Lvliangshan Care Workers”in Shanxi Province as an example,the article explores how the rural“three-turn aunties”who“turn around pots,husbands,and children”become urban nurses,how the production of urban nurses is realized,and how rural women as housekeepers become urban care workers as breadwinners.The study finds that in the process of transforming rural housewives into urban care workers,the government and the market exert their power on rural individuals and families with the help of the social network in countryside.It is found that rural housewives,during the change of the family life cycle,take advantage of the dominant position in the care worker market formed by the“gendered age”,and take the initiatives to bear responsibility of de-gendered parents,thus the“three-turn-aunties”are transformed into urban nursing workers,and meanwhile from a housekeeper to a breadwinner.

关 键 词：吕梁山护工 双重网络 女人养家 

分 类 号：C913.68[经济管理]