油水乳化的影响及控制技术  

Effects of Oily Emulsions and Its Demulsification Technologies

作　　者：张华 刘光全 李婷 张瑞成 隋建红 Zhang Hua;Liu Guangquan;Li Ting;Zhang Ruicheng;Sui Jianhong(CNPC Research Institute of Safety&Environment Technology;State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control;Exploration Research Institute of Shandong Coal Field Geology Bureau)

机构地区：[1]中国石油集团安全环保技术研究院有限公司 [2]石油石化污染物控制与处理国家重点实验室 [3]山东省煤田地质规划勘察研究院

出　　处：《油气田环境保护》2022年第5期33-38,共6页Environmental Protection of Oil & Gas Fields

基　　金：中国石油研究与技术开发项目“绿色油气田污染防治及生态保护研究”(2021DJ6604)。

摘　　要：原油多为油包水型(W/O)乳化体系,重质原油乳化程度更高。在油气开采行业,除了原油在管线乳化外,原油经由深井、柱塞、阀门与泵时均会产生乳化。原油乳化不仅降低原油品质,增加原油加工成本,还导致工艺废水污染负荷增加,乳化程度高且处理难度大,严重冲击污水处理系统。文章重点分析了原油乳化及电脱盐过程对含油乳化废水产排的影响,为石油石化企业采取控制措施解决原油乳化及后续影响问题提供参考。Crude oil is a kind of water/oil emulsion, and worse emulsion often occurs for heavy oil. In the oil industry, pipeline emulsification flow is a very common occurrence, as well as agitation through downhole wellbore, surface chokes, valves, and pumps will cause emulsions to form. The presence of emulsions in the crude oil reduces the quality of the oil itself, and increases the operating cost. Emulsions also result in the escape of large concentrations of oil into the water phase. The high emulsification of oily wastewater poses great adverse effects on the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. This review paper is aimed to understand the formation of crude oil emulsification, its negative effects, and the corresponding demulsification problems, which would be useful for oil and refining industry to take preventive measures to solve the emulsion problems.

关 键 词：含油乳化废液 电脱盐废水 破乳 石油炼制 

分 类 号：TE34[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]