笔谈:世界遗产中国实践面向国际语境的可持续发展与互鉴共享愿景  

The Practice of World Heritage in China:A Vision of Sustainable Development,Mutual Learning and Heritage Sharing Based on the Global Context

作　　者：吕舟[1] 燕海鸣 冯辽 梁智尧 李雨馨 李雪 张依萌 王喆 侯文潇 赵云 刘家沂 齐欣[4] Lyu Zhou;Yan Haiming;Feng Liao;Liang Zhiyao;Li Yuxin;Li Xue;Zhang Yimeng;Wang Zhe;Hou Wenxiao;Zhao Yun;Liu Jiayi;Qi Xin(School of Architecture,Tsinghua University Beijing 100084,China;China Academy of Cultural Heritage,Beijing 100029,China;Institute for Tianjin University Marine Strategic Studies,Tianjin 300072,China;People’s Daily,Beijing 100733,China)

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院,北京100084 [2]中国文化遗产研究院,北京100029 [3]天津大学海洋战略研究所,天津300072 [4]人民日报社,北京100733

出　　处：《中国文化遗产》2022年第5期4-22,共19页China Cultural Heritage

摘　　要：经过50年的发展,《世界遗产公约》构建了一个拥有194个缔约国的具有普遍性的文化和自然遗产保护体系。随着其影响力的不断增长,这一体系也被赋予了更为复杂的功能和宏大的愿景。最近30余年,不止世界遗产在不断发展,中国对世界遗产的认识也在不断深入,并不断探索将最新理念与中国的实际相结合进行实践。从中国视角去理解和解释世界遗产所反映的全球文化秩序等议题。我们需要回答:如何理解国际遗产话语层出不穷的议题和挑战,并以中国知识来回应这些议题和挑战。以熟悉世界遗产的国际规则为前提,深入剖析中西方对一些遗产概念的理解差异的文化根源,然后以文化对话的姿态,阐明在中国文化语境中遗产所具有的概念术语特征。文化和自然融合是未来世界遗产的发展趋势之一,中国的世界文化遗产、世界文化和自然混合遗产是践行文化和自然融合管理实践的优质资源,应在生态文明思想和世界遗产理念框架指导下,开展“文化和自然融合”关键概念与遗产保护管理之间关系的研究。基于中国空间地理分布与民族社会变迁,“海洋文化遗产”也必然成为国家遗产体系之内具有民族性和国家文化价值的概念。中国对世界文化遗产监测的顶层设计兼顾了国际规则与国情,强调技术为管理服务的理念;通过制度规范系统、人力资源系统和工程技术系统建设,建立了国家主导的世界文化遗产监测工作机制以及一总多分的世界文化遗产监测预警系统。步入“后申遗时代”,世界文化遗产的保护需要国家层面、遗产地管理者与遗产从业者以及公众等多方的共同努力,不断建设与完善制度保障,及时加强与国际遗产保护理念的衔接,基于对遗产的利益相关者的关注,适应并助力于人类可持续发展的战略目标的实现。随着世界遗产涉及的利益相关者范围日Thanks to the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage,which has been signed by 194 countries,a universal system has been established for the protection of cultural and natural heritage after 50 years’development.With its growing influence,this system has developed more complicated functions and greater visions.In the last 30 years,with the continuous development of world heritage,China also developed its more thorough understandings about world heritage while continuously exploring and practicing the combination of new ideas with its own conditions.To understand and interpret various subjects including the global cultural order reflected by world heritage from China’s perspective,we need to answer the following questions.How can we understand ever-emerging subjects and challenges brought by the narratives relating to world heritage?How can we respond to such subjects and challenges by applying China’s knowledge?To answer these questions,the preconditions should be to familiarize ourselves with international rules relating to world heritage,based on which,cultural causes for different interpretations of concepts concerning heritage between the western countries and China should be thoroughly analyzed.Then value-related characteristics of heritage should be explained in the context of Chinese culture by means of an inter-cultural dialogue approach.Integration of culture with nature is one of the future trends in the development of world heritage.China’s world cultural heritage and world cultural-natural heritage in particular—is excellent resources for practicing management over the integration of culture with nature.Based on China as a state and Chinese civilization,China’s maritime cultural heritage will for sure become a concept with its Chinese nature and national cultural value in China’s heritage system.China took into account international rules and its own conditions for its top-level design to monitor world cultural heritage.At the same time,it noticed

关 键 词：世界遗产公约 世界文化遗产 价值特征 文化和自然融合 遗产监测 海洋文化遗产 遗产传播 

分 类 号：G112[文化科学]