东北针叶林与阔叶林乔灌草组成特征及碳汇功能对比研究  

Comparative study on tree,shrub and herb composition and carbon sink function between coniferous and broadleaved forests in Northeast China

作　　者：王文杰[1,2] 王凯 王媛媛 温慧 于景华[4] 王庆贵 韩士杰 Wang Wenjie;Wang Kai;Wang Yuanyuan;Wen Hui;Yu Jinghua;Wang Qinggui;Han Shijie(Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Environment,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130102,Jilin,China;Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology(MOE),Key Laboratory of Forest Active Substance Ecological Utilization(Heilongjiang Province),College of Chemistry,Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization,Northeast Forestry University,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Institute of Applied Ecology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shenyang 110016,Liaoning,China;College of Life Science,Qufu Normal University,Qufu 273165,Shandong,China;College of Life Science,Henan University,Kaifeng 475004,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所湿地生态与环境重点实验室,吉林长春130102 [2]森林植物生态学教育部重点实验室,黑龙江省林源活性物质生态利用重点实验室,东北林业大学化学化工与资源利用学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049 [4]中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所,辽宁沈阳110016 [5]山东曲阜师范大学生命学院,山东曲阜273165 [6]河南大学生命学院,河南开封475004

出　　处：《北京林业大学学报》2022年第10期52-67,共16页Journal of Beijing Forestry University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(41730641);中央高校项目(2572021DT03)。

摘　　要：【目的】针叶林和阔叶林构成了北半球高纬度地区森林的主体,科学区分二者林分特征和碳汇功能差异预期助力基于林型差异的精准林分管理和多样性保护。【方法】本文以东北大、小兴安岭地区森林为研究对象,共调查野外1275块乔木样地(针叶林698块,阔叶林577块),详细记录植物科、属、种、乔灌草植株大小与密度、地理位置(经纬度、海拔、坡向、坡位、坡度),计算优势种相对多度、多样性特征、地上碳储量,并以树种耐逆境特征与耐分解特征为基础,评价生物量碳汇功能的稳定性。【结果】(1)针叶林共有植物479种,隶属于79科228属,阔叶林共有植物546种,隶属于81科,255属。针、阔叶林乔、灌、草优势种变化明显,以乔木种类差异最大:针叶林以落叶松、红松、樟子松更多,而阔叶林以白桦、山杨和蒙古栎等多度更高。针叶林灌木以越橘和绣线菊为主,较阔叶林高1.6~2.3倍。整体来看乔木多达90%指标针阔叶林差异显著,而灌木为65%,草本为35%。(2)针叶林树更高更粗,较阔叶林高1.5 m、胸径粗2.4 cm,但密度较阔叶林低15%;灌木高度与盖度林分间差异不明显,针叶林草本植物高度较矮、但密度更高。(3)针叶林的碳储量、耐分解稳定性显著高于阔叶林,分别高25.54%和43.24%,但环境稳定较阔叶林低8%(P<0.05)。相比阔叶林,禾本科在针叶林重要性从7.5%增加10.2%。相比而言,同期林业普查碳储量数据可能低估林分生物量碳密度35%左右。(4)与历史数据相比,针、阔叶林乔木高度均降低数米,林分密度高700~1000株/hm^(2),重要林下资源植物减少明显,保守估计森林层厚度年降低量10 cm以上,生态服务功能损失值得警惕。(5)与邻国俄罗斯相比,我国森林珍贵的常绿松类、云杉和冷杉树种占比很低,而落叶松和杨桦占比过大,生物量碳储量与俄罗斯最低质量森林相当。【结论】本研究基于大量野�[Objective]Coniferous forests(CF)and broadleaved forests(BF)constitute the bulk forests in the northern hemisphere at high latitudes.This paper aims to precisely identify their differences in stand characteristics,distribution and carbon sink functions,favoring forest-type-oriented precise management and diversity conservation.[Method]In this research,we surveyed 1275 sample plots(CF,698;BF,577)in the Greater and Lesser Khingan Mountains of Northeast(NE)China.We recorded the plant families,genus,species,plant size,density,and geographical location(latitude,longitude,elevation)and calculated the relative abundance of dominant species,aboveground carbon stock,and carbon stability.Comparisons with historical data and neighbor Russia were also performed.[Result](1)The plant resources of coniferous forests were 79 families,228 genera,and 479 species;the broadleaved forest had 81 families,255 genera,and 546 species.The key species of CF and BF varied significantly with the most remarkable differences in the tree layer.CF had more Larix gmelinii,Pinus koraiensis,and Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica,while BF had more Betula platyphylla,Populus davidiana,and Quercus mongolica.Shrub layers were dominated by Vaccinium vitis-idaea and Spiraea salicifolia in CF,which were 1.6−2.3 times higher than BF;CF had a higher proportion of Carex spp.in herbs.As a whole,>90%of the indicators of trees differed significantly between the two forests,while 65%of shrubs and only 35%of herbs had significant differences.(2)The CF trees were taller and thicker,i.e.,1.5 m taller and 2.4 cm thicker DBH than the BF,but the density of the CF was 15%lower than the BF.The shrub layer did not differ significantly,and the herb layer showed that the CF plants were shorter in height but densely distributed.(3)CF had 25.54%and 43.24%higher carbon stock density and recalcitrant stability than BFs,respectively,but environment stability was 8%lower(P<0.05)than BF.On average,the national forest inventory-based method underestimated the biomass carbon density

关 键 词：针叶林 阔叶林 植物组成 地上碳储量 碳稳定性 历史数据 俄罗斯森林 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]